First Aid Key Concepts

Breathing Problems

Breathing issues can manifest as either very fast or very slow breathing, often accompanied by unusual sounds. It’s crucial to ask the patient if they have asthma medication or an inhaler. Assist in retrieving and using the inhaler if they have one, and always call 9-1-1 for further medical help.

Choking Victims

Signs of choking include breathlessness and unusual sounds. The universal sign for choking is clutching the neck. Perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) if the person is choking. If they become unresponsive, begin CPR but check the mouth for any visible obstruction before giving rescue breaths. Do not perform a blind finger sweep.

Allergic Reactions

Severe allergic reactions often lead to symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, tongue, or lips. Obtain the patient's EpiPen, administer it into the thigh, and call 9-1-1 for follow-up care. Multiple EpiPen doses may be necessary.

Heart Attacks

Symptoms include chest pain, jaw pain, nausea, and differing presentations in men and women. Men may feel symptoms in the chest and arm, while women may feel them more in the jaw and neck. If the person is conscious, have them chew an aspirin and call 9-1-1 or begin CPR if they become unresponsive.

Fainting

Fainting is marked by loss of consciousness, often leading the person to slump over. Lay them flat to recover and, if they regain consciousness, keep them from moving quickly. Help regulate their breathing by having them place their head between their knees and provide cooling if they feel warm.

Low Blood Sugar (Diabetes)

Signs of low blood sugar include irritability, confusion, and weakness. If the patient is conscious, provide them with sugar-rich snacks/drinks. If unconscious, monitor and call for emergency services. High blood sugar requires insulin injections.

Strokes

Use the acronym FAST to recognize strokes: Face droop, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties. Call 9-1-1 immediately and note the time, as timely treatment is critical.

Seizures

Symptoms include loss of muscle control and jerking movements. Clear the area of objects, protect the patient's head, and do not restrain them. Afterward, monitor breathing and ensure that emergency medical services are contacted for aftercare.