Vocabulary and Expressions – English ↔ Dutch

Emergency, Health & Safety

porch → veranda; sheltered outdoor entrance of a house.
to rescue → redden; act of saving someone from danger. Example: Firefighters rescued the family from the burning house.
suicide → zelfmoord; act of intentionally taking one’s own life. Ethical and psychological implications widely discussed in mental-health fields.
uninjured → ongedeerd; physically unharmed after an incident.
engulfed in flames → in lichterlaaie; completely surrounded by fire.
ER / A&E → eerste hulp; hospital emergency department that treats acute cases.
punctured (e.g. lung) → doorboord; pierced, causing potential internal bleeding or collapsed lung.
to impound → in beslag nemen; authorities legally hold property (cars, animals, goods) for investigation or fees.
to tow → wegslepen; pull a disabled/illegally parked vehicle away, often to an impound lot.
plaster ceiling → gipsen plafond; interior finish that can crack or fall during earthquakes or water damage.
wheelie bin → vuilnisbak / kliko; large outdoor rubbish container on wheels.
to exhume → opgraven; remove a buried body for autopsy or legal inquiry. Legal permission from a governing body is required.

Crime & Law

mugged → overvallen; robbed with violence or threat in a public place.
rapist → verkrachter; person committing sexual assault; severe criminal offense.
offender / perpetrator → dader; individual who commits a crime or wrong act.
to narrow down (suspects) → beperken; systematically reduce possibilities during an investigation.
unidentified → niet-geïdentificeerd; person or object whose identity is unknown.
unsolved → onopgelost; crime that remains without a perpetrator brought to justice.
to stab → neersteken; attack with a sharp object, often leading to severe injury.
gender-based violence → gendergerelateerd geweld; violence rooted in gender inequality.
inequality → ongelijkheid; unequal treatment or access to resources, including racial and gender disparities.
confirmation / evidence → bevestiging; substantiation of a claim during legal proceedings.

Social Issues & Migration

refugee → vluchteling; person fleeing conflict or persecution, protected under international law.
displaced → ontheemd; forced to leave habitual residence but remaining inside own country (IDP) or abroad.
to flee → ontvluchten; escape from danger or oppression.
benefits → uitkering; state financial support to unemployed, ill, or low-income citizens.
underfunded → ondergefinancierd; lacking adequate financial resources (schools, hospitals, programs).
to sponge off → profiteren van; live at another’s expense without contributing.

Work & Economy

average → gemiddeld; statistical mean.
college degree → universitair diploma; credential after tertiary education, often prerequisite for skilled jobs.
low wages → weinig inkomen; income below living-wage threshold, linked to poverty debates.
majority → meerderheid; more than 50 % of a group.
resources → middelen; financial, material, or human assets.

Personal Traits & Emotions

aimless → doelloos; lacking purpose or direction.
vulnerable / exposed → kwetsbaar; open to harm physically or emotionally.
protective → beschermend; acting to keep others safe.
tough → lastig / moeilijk; hard to deal with OR physically strong.
anxious → bezorgd; feeling worry or unease.
cautious → voorzichtig; careful to avoid danger.
considerate / thoughtful → attent / bedachtzaam; mindful of others’ feelings.
obnoxious → onaangenaam; extremely unpleasant.
confident → zelfverzekerd; self-assured; opposite of anxious.
willpower → wilskracht; ability to control impulses and persist.
body-conscious → lichaamsbewust; highly aware of physical appearance.

Health & Fitness

to pump iron → krachttraining doen; lift weights to build muscle.
to push the limits → tot het uiterste gaan; test or exceed one’s capabilities.

Government & Institutions

prime minister → premier; head of government in parliamentary systems.
governing body → bestuursorgaan; organization with authority over a sector (e.g. FIFA, school board).

Death & Forensics

to bury → begraven; inter a body in the ground, often in a cemetery (begraafplaats).
deceased → overledene; the dead person.
skull → schedel; bony structure encasing the brain, key for forensic identification.
shard → scherf; fragment of brittle material (glass, bone, pottery).
stench → stank; strong unpleasant odor, often associated with decomposition.
encased in concrete → omhuld in beton; method criminals sometimes use to hide bodies or evidence.

Academic & Language

numerous → talrijke; many.
to accuse → beschuldigen; claim someone committed wrongdoing.
sincerity → oprechtheid; honesty of intention.
vocabulary → woordenschat; collection of known words.

Everyday Objects & Misc.

porch (again) as architectural term.
jaw → kaak; movable bone forming the mouth framework.
jug → kan / kruik; container for liquids.
plaster (ceiling) already noted under safety.
tight → krap; limited space or money; also firmly fitted clothing.
tiniest issue → kleinste probleem; even the slightest difficulty.

Communication & Debate Phrases

I’m convinced that… (Ik weet zeker dat…)
I see what you mean, but… (Ik begrijp wat je bedoelt, maar…)
You could be right, but… (Misschien heb je gelijk, maar…)
It’s a fact that… (Het is een feit dat…)
As we all know,… (Zoals we allemaal weten,…)
Generally speaking,… (Over het algemeen…)
Purpose: introduce arguments, acknowledge others’ views, and present counter-points.

Additional Vocabulary (Page 5 Fragment)

abuse → misbruik; improper use or cruel treatment.
tremendous / awesome → geweldig; exceptionally good or large.
to be offended → beledigd zijn; feel insulted.
blunt → bot; straightforward to the point of rudeness OR dull edge.
casserole → ovenschotel; dish baked in the oven.
to describe → beschrijven; give detailed account.
from scratch → vanaf nul; start without pre-existing materials.
guilty → schuldig; having committed an offense.
lettuce → (blad)sla; leafy vegetable.
miserable → ellendig; extremely unhappy.
moustache → snor; facial hair above the lip.
chores / odd jobs → klusjes; small routine tasks.
pillow / to kiss → kussen; noun vs. verb based on context.
afraid → bang; fearful.
sibling → broer of zus; brother or sister.
below-zero / freezing → ijskoud, onder nul; temperature <0^{\circ}C.
triangle → driehoek; 3-sided polygon, internal angles sum to 180^{\circ}.
unlikely → onwaarschijnlijk; improbable.
dairy (factory) → zuivelfabriek; facility processing milk products.
edge / border → rand; boundary line.
overpass / bridge → viaduct; elevated crossing.
sharp → scherp; having a fine edge OR acute intellect.
icon → icoon; symbol or widely recognized figure (cultural/technological).
Phrase: “This is the future” – often used to present innovation or technology with transformative potential.

These bullet-point notes capture every English term, Dutch equivalent, and context or nuance provided in the transcript, offering a ready-to-study reference that can fully replace the original document.