Endocrine System 

Hormones - are chemicals that regulates our body functions.

==Different types of Hormones:==

Pituitary Gland - is also known as the %%master gland%% it regulates all glands in our endocrine system.

  • \
  • Pitpuitary Glands produces %%8 hormones.%%

==Pituitary Gland is divided into two parts;==

  1. @@Anterior -@@
  • Anterior produces %%6%% hormones

Growth Hormone - %%it is responsible for the growth of our muscle and bones,%% it gives the bone and muscle %%size and shape%%. the target of growth hormones in our body is bones and muscle.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - %%it regulates our thyroid gland%%, it controls, it monitors, it regulates the function the activity of the thyroid gland.

Melatonin - %%is responsible for our sleep%%, it balances our wake and sleep cyle. also reposible for our skin pigmentation and the color of our hair and skin.

Prolactin - %%is responsible for milk production%%, it produces milk.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - regulates and controls the function of our adrenal gland.

GnRH - responsible for Gonadotropin hormone.

  1. @@Posterior@@ - produces two hormones;

Oxytocin -is responsible for uterine contraction, the one that stimulates the uterus to contract during labor and deliverate

we need oxytocin if were gibing birth

==responsible for milk letdown reflex==

the oxytocin stimulates our mamary gland so that milk mother’s can produce milk.

Antideuretic Hormone - %%is responsible for water reabsorption,%% it retains the water inside the body. (retention - inside) (secretion - nilalabas)

  • Posterior has %%2 hormones%%

==Gonodotropin Releasing Hormone==

  • Once our Pitpuitary glands produces our GnRh will stimulate our body to produce Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinazing Hormone once you already have folliclae and luteinazing hormone will go to our ovaries, it will stimulate and produce Estrogen.

Estrogen - is known as the hormone of women because it gives the women secondary sex characteristics, everything we can see and observe and characteristics in the body came from estrogen.

==Example==: the size of of your boobs, hair of the armpit, pubic area.

Luteinizing Hormone - will go to our ovary and it will stimulates our ovaries to produce Progesterone - is known %%as the hormone of mother%% because it maintains the pregnancy.

  • if you are pregant your body produces Progesterone so that our uterus will relax
  • Our uterus needs to relax so that the baby will not go out or aborted.
  • you need to wait alteast %%37 weeks%% before the baby should go out. below 37 weeks you need the baby to stay inside the womb.

==Growth Hormone== - responsible for the growth of the muscle and bones shape and size.

  • Gigantism if you have high level of growth hormone you have Acromegaly.

@@Gigantism@@ - the patient grows upward the patient is tall but with thin extremity.

@@Acromegaly@@ - t%%he patient have high growth hormone but lateral (sidewards) t%%he patient is not tall but it has big nose, big hands, big toes and eyes etc..

@@Dwarfism@@ - when you have low level of growth hormone compared to normal height.

==Antidiuretic Hormone==

  • if you have high level of Antidiuretic Hormone you call that one %%Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)%% if you have SIADH you will have fluid retention.
  • %%Fluid Overload%% - if you have high level of Antidiuretic Hormone you call that one %%Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)%% if you have SIADH you will have fluid retention.
  • if your patient has low level of Antidiuretic Hormone your patient is suffering from %%Diabetes Insipidus (DI)%%
  • %%Fluid Deficit%% - you have low level of water because you remove them.

==Thyroid Gland==

is responsible for three hormone;

  1. @@T3@@ - is responsible for %%Basal Metabolic Rate/Energy%%
  • produces energy, without energy our body cannot function.
  1. @@T4@@ - responsible for %%Thermoregulation/ Heat Production%%
    • the one that regulates our body temperature
    • if your body temperature is low you need T4 so that you will be able to produce heat.
  2. @@Calcitonin@@ - is responsible for %%Calcium Reabsorption%%
  • the one that gives our strenght and density also important for our muscle.
  • Calcium is usually located outside the bones, the calcitonin came from the blood then will go inside the bones.
  • %%the one that stimulates the Calcium inside the bones is the%% @@Calcitonin.@@

==Parathyroid Gland==

Parathyroid Gland produces our Parathormone.

@@Parathormone@@ - is responsible for Calcium Resorption.

  • %%it makes the calcium inside the bones go outside going to the blood.%%

==Pancreas==

  • is divided into 3 parts:
  1. @@Alpha Cells@@ - is responsible for the production of the %%Glucagon.%%
    • our body produces Glugacon when we are hungry.
    • Glucagon %%is responsible for%% @@Gluconeogenesis@@ - the formation of new sugar.
  2. @@Beta@@ - is responsible for the prodcution of the %%insulin%% - is known as the key because it is respobsible for the cells to open so that the sugar can go inside the cell. (the sugar should go inside the cell)
  • the one who is responsible for making sugar and go inside the body.
  1. @@Delta@@ - is responsible for Somatostatin
  • %%Somatostatin%% - the one that the balances our glucagon and isulin because Somotostatin is a Regulator.

==Adrenal Gland==

is located on top of the kidney

it is divided into two;

  • we have two kidney so it is the %%Cortex and Medulla%%

  • Adrenal Gland produces the %%triple SSS%%

    ==Cortex==

  1. @@Salt (Aldosterone)@@ - is responsible for sodium reabsorption.
    • Aldosterone retains sodium.
    • Where salt goes, water follows
  2. @@Sex Hormone (Androgens)@@
    • %%Estrogen%% - Sex hormones of female
    • %%Testoterone%% - the one that gives characterictics for men and production of sperms.
    • Male also has Estrogen but low level what is increase in men is Testosterone because testosterone is the hormone of male, Females also have Testosterone but in low level bcoz females is increased in Estrogen.
  3. %%Sugar (Cortisol)%% - the one that stimulate our body to maintain sugar level.

==Medulla==

  • the one that produces Epinephrine and Norepinephrine is the Medulla

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine %%is responsible for our Parasympathetic%%

  • the one that is responsible for adreneline rush