Muscle Chart 2
Muscle | PA | DA | Nerve | Actions |
Anterior Compartment: Ankle Dorsiflexors | ||||
Tibialis Anterior | lateral condyle of tibia and interosseous membrane | medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform | Deep Fibular Nerve | dorsiflexes ankle joint and inverts subtalar joint |
Extensor Hallucis Longus | superior anterior surface of fibular and interosseous membrane | dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of hallux | dorsiflexes ankle joint and extends hallux | |
Extensor Digitorum Longus | lateral condyle of tibia and superiomedial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane | middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits | dorsiflexes ankle joint and extends lateral four digits | |
Fibularis Tertius | inferior anterior surface of tibia and interosseous membrane | dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal | dorsiflexes ankle joint and aids in eversion of subtalar joint | |
Lateral Compartment: Ankle Evertors | ||||
Fibularis Longus | head of fibula and superiolateral surface | base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform | Superficial Fibular Nerve | everts subtalar joint and weakly plantarflexes ankle joint |
Fibularis Brevis | inferior lateral surface of fibula | dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal | ||
Superficial Posterior Compartment: Ankle Plantarflexors | ||||
Gastrocnemius | medial head: popliteal surface of femur and superior to medial condyle lateral head: lateral condyle of femur | posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon | Tibial Nerve | plantarflexes ankle joint when knee joint is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes knee joint |
Soleus | soleal line and medial border of tibia and head and superior surface of posterior fibular by tendinous archs b/w bony attachments | plantarflexes ankle joint independent of knee position; stabilizes ankle joint | ||
Plantaris | inferior lateral supracondylar line of femur and the oblique popliteal ligament | weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle joint | ||
Deep Posterior Compartment: Flexors | ||||
Popliteus | lateral of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus | posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line | Tibial Nerve | weakly flexes knee joint and unlocks it by rotating femur 5º on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb |
Flexor Hallucis Longus | inferior posterior fibular surface and inferior interosseous membrane | base of distal phalanx of hallux | flexes hallux at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle joint; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot | |
Flexor Digitorum Longus | medial posterior surface and inferior to soleal line of tibia by a broad tendon to fibula | bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits | flexes lateral four digits ; plantarflexes ankle joint; supports longitudinal arch of foot | |
Tibialis Posterior | posterior tibial surface inferior to soleal linr and posterior fibular surface and interosseous membrane | tuberosity of navicular, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals | plantarflexxes ankle joint; inverts foot; maintains medial longitudinal arch | |
Foot Layer 1 | ||||
Abductor Hallucis | medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis | medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit | Medial Plantar Nerve | abducts and flexes 1st digit at MTP and IP joints |
Flexor Digitorum Brevis | medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa | both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits | flexes lateral four digits at MTP and IP joints | |
Abductor Digiti Minimi | medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneal tuberosity; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular speta | lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit | Lateral Plantar Nerve | abducts and flexes little toe at MTP and IP joints |
Foot Layer 2 | ||||
Quadratus Plantae | medial surface and lateral margin of calcaneal plantar surface | posterolateral margin of tendon flexor digitorum longus | Lateral Plantar Nerve | assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits at MTP and IP joints |
Lumbricals | tendons of flexor digitorum longus | medial aspect of extensor expansion over lateral four digits | Medial one (digit 2): Medial Plantar Nerve Lateral three (digits 3-5): Lateral Plantar Nerve | flex proximal IP joint; extend middle and distal IP joints of lateral 4 digits; "hand puppet" |
Foot Layer 3 | ||||
Flexor Hallucis Brevis | plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms | both sides of proximal phalanx of 1st digit | Medial Plantar Nerve | flexes proximalIP joint of 1st digit |
Adductor Hallucis | oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4 transverse head: plantar ligaments of MTP joints | tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit | Lateral Plantar Nerve | traditionally said to adduct 1st digit; assits in maintaining transverse arch of foot by pulling metatarsals medially |
Flexor Digiti Minimi | base of 5th metatarsal | base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit | flexes PIP joint of 5th digit; therby assisting with flexion of digit | |
Foot Layer 4: PADs and DABs | ||||
Plantar Interossei | plantar aspect of medial shafts of metatarsals 3-5 | medial sides of bases of phalanges of digits 3-5 | Lateral Plantar Nerve | Adduct and flex digits 3-5 at MTP joints |
Dorsal Interossei | adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5 | 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit 2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits | abduct and flex digits 2-4 at MTP joints | |
Scapula/Deltoid Region | ||||
Deltoid | lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity of humerus | Axillary nerve C5 – C6 | clavicular part: flexes and medially rotates arm acromial: abducts arm spinal: extends and laterally rotates arm |
Supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa of scapula | superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus | Suprascapular nerve | initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with other rotator cuff muscles |
Infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa of scapula | middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus | laterally rotates arm and acts with other rotator cuff muscles | |
Teres Minor | middle part of larteral border of scapula | inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerues | Axillary nerve C5 – C6 | |
Subscapularis | subscapular fossa of scapula | lesser tubercle of humerus | Upper and Lower subscapular nerve | medially rotates arm; part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity |
Teres Major | posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula | medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus | Lower subscapular nerve | adducts and medially rotates arm |
Brachium | ||||
Biceps Brachii | short head: tip of coracoid process of the scapula long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula | tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via biccipital aponeurosis | musculocutaneous nerve C5 – C7 | supinates forearm and, when it is supine, flexes forearm; short head resists dislocation |
Coracobrachialis | tip of coracoid process | middle third of medial surface of humerus | helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder | |
Brachialis | distal half od anterior humeral surface | coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity | flexes forearm in all positions | |
Triceps Brachii | long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove medial head: posterior surface of humerus; inferior to radial groove | proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm | radial nerve C5 – T1 | chief extensor of forearm; long head resists dislocation of humerus; especially important during adduction |