FORM B: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL) MATRIX – STEP-UP: PIEZOELECTRIC AND KINETIC-POWERED TILE STUDY

Taylor & Francis (2023) – Hybrid electricity generation using solar energy and kinetic energy of players’ footsteps

Researchers and citation details
- Authors: Douglas Yeboah, Silas Abaidoo Quainoo, and Anna Wilma Brew
- Year: 2023
- Source: Taylor & Francis (journal unspecified in transcript)
- Topic: Hybrid electricity generation combining solar energy and kinetic energy from players’ footsteps
- Context: Part of Form B PR 2 (San Beda University-Rizal) literature review for the STEP-UP project
Research design and scope
- Method: Quantitative
- Sample: 22 players and 10,000 spectators
- Tools: Mechanical Measurement Tools
- Core finding (as stated): Piezoelectric tiles can still generate maximum energy with limited reliance on the solar component (i.e., effective energy generation even with constrained solar input), within a hybrid system that also leverages kinetic energy from footsteps
Key concepts and mechanisms
- Piezoelectric tiles: convert mechanical stress (e.g., footfalls) into electrical energy
- Hybrid energy harvesting: combining solar energy with kinetic/piezoelectric output to augment overall energy generation
- Relevance to Step-Up: demonstrates viability of piezoelectric tiles for charging stations in campus settings
Significance and implications
- Practical relevance: supports development of energy-harvesting floors in high-traffic areas (sports venues, campuses)
- Environmental impact: contributes to renewable energy sources and potential reduction in grid demand during peak activity times
- Design considerations: integration with solar systems may require synchronization, storage, and power management to optimize output
- Limitations and questions (not explicitly detailed in transcript): the exact balance between solar and kinetic contributions, duration of energy output, and storage requirements would need empirical validation in San Beda University-Rizal contexts
Connections to foundational principles and real-world relevance
- Connects to energy harvesting basics: conversion efficiency, load matching, and energy storage requirements
- Real-world fit: campus venues with crowded events (e.g., sports, performances) can leverage kinetic energy from footsteps to supplement solar generation
- Ethical/practical considerations: safety, durability of floor tiles, and maintenance in busy environments
Notable data points and reference to the Form B context
- Sample scale highlights that piezoelectric tiles can contribute meaningfully in hybrid systems without sole reliance on one energy source
- Form B PR 2 (San Beda University-Rizal) indicates alignment with the course requirements for practical research projects

IEEE (2024) – Kinetic Energy Generation in Playgrounds Through Piezoelectric Technology from Children's Play Activities

Research details
- Authors: Saidakhmad Mukhammadkhonov, Rasul Abduqodirov, Yunusov Shokhjakhon, Danish Ather, Kayathri Devi D, Naina Chaudhary
- Year: 2024
- Source: IEEE (journal/conference publication; not explicitly named in transcript)
- Topic: Kinetic energy generation in playgrounds via piezoelectric technology from children’s play activities
- Context: Form B PR 2 (San Beda University-Rizal)
Research design and scope
- Method: Quantitative
- Sample: The children who play in the playground
- Tools: Data Acquisition Systems (DAQ)
- Core finding: There are possibilities and advantages to piezoelectric energy harvesting in playground settings
Key concepts and mechanisms
- Piezoelectric energy harvesting in high-activity spaces (playgrounds)
- Data acquisition for capturing dynamic loads from child play behavior
- Potential for scalable, low-cost energy generation in public spaces
Implications and connections
- Practical implications: playgrounds as micro-generators of electricity (e.g., for lighting, sensors, or charging small devices)
- Design considerations: robustness of piezoelectric tiles to varying loads from children of different weights and activities; durability in outdoor environments
- Societal/educational relevance: demonstrates hands-on, tangible energy generation concepts in a public, educational setting
Methodological notes
- Emphasis on quantitative measurement via DAQ systems to quantify energy output under real play conditions
- Limitations: details such as sample size, duration, and conversion efficiency are not provided in transcript; further data would be needed for generalization
Relevance to the broader literature
- Supports the notion that kinetic energy harvesting is viable in everyday human activities, expanding beyond static test benches
- Complements the campus-based Step-Up concept by illustrating energy harvesting potential in recreational environments
Form B context and cross-linkages
- Highlights the applicability of piezoelectric tiles in diverse public spaces (playgrounds) to address small to medium energy demands
- Corroborates the broader theme of integrating piezoelectric technology into daily life for sustainable energy generation

Zhuhai Sino Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (2025) – Are stations environmentally friendly

Research focus and type
- Title: Are stations environmentally friendly
- Year: 2025
- Type: Qualitative analysis
- Context: Involves charging station users and reliability/quality of user experience
- Source role: Includes reliable research sources and interviews; appears to assess environmental and user-reliability aspects of charging stations
- Form B PR 2 (San Beda University-Rizal)
Core findings and messages
- Charging stations are environmentally friendly and have positive environmental impact
- Support for renewable energy usage in charging infrastructure
- Observed reductions in carbon emissions and improvements in air quality attributed to environmental benefits of charging stations and renewable integration
Key concepts
- Environmental friendliness of charging stations: reductions in emissions and better air quality when powered by renewables or energy-efficient designs
- Reliability and user experience: importance of dependable charging stations for adoption and continued use
Practical implications
- Policy and infrastructure: supports investment in renewable-powered charging stations at campuses or public spaces
- Design considerations: reliability, maintenance, and user-friendly interfaces to encourage adoption
- Relevance to Step-Up: reinforces the case for piezoelectric/kinetic-enabled charging as part of a sustainable charging ecosystem
Limitations and caveats
- Qualitative focus; details on sample size, regions, or quantitative impact are not provided in transcript
- Requires additional quantitative data to quantify energy contributions from piezoelectric/kinetic components vs. other energy sources
Connections to sustainability and energy transition themes
- Aligns with broader goals of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of urban infrastructure
- Highlights the importance of reliability and user acceptance in deployment of new energy technologies

Madonna Makram Solban and Rania Rushdy Moussa (2021) – Investigating the potential of using human movements in energy harvesting by installing piezoelectric tiles in Egyptian public facilities

Research details
- Authors: Madonna Makram Solban and Rania Rushdy Moussa
- Year: 2021
- Source: Journal of Engineering Research
- Topic: Using human movements to harvest energy via piezoelectric tiles in Egyptian public facilities
- Form B PR 2 (San Beda University-Rizal)
Methodology
- Method: Quantitative
- Sample: Population density in Shobra El-Khema metro station (use of population density as a proxy for high-traffic areas)
- Tools: Secondary data collection and analytical/computational tools
- Core findings: Replacing or augmenting public facilities and spaces with piezoelectric tiles could reduce global emissions by generating a significant amount of electricity from human movement in high-density areas
Key concepts
- Piezoelectric tiles for energy harvesting in public transit hubs or dense urban spaces
- Secondary data analysis and computational modeling to estimate emissions reductions
- Urban-scale energy harvesting potential and environmental benefits
Significance and implications
- Environmental impact: potential global emission reductions through pervasive deployment in high-density areas
- Urban planning relevance: informs decisions about retrofitting public spaces with piezoelectric tiles
- Practical considerations: deployment cost, durability in public facilities, maintenance, and energy storage needs
Connections to broader literature
- Supports the high-density, high-usage argument for piezoelectric tiles as a scalable energy source
- Complements playground and campus-based studies by addressing public facilities and transit environments
Ethical and societal notes
- Uses secondary data and public spaces; ethical concerns would center on consent for data use if any micro-monitoring or traffic data is used, though not explicitly discussed in transcript

M. A. Mujaahiid Lallmamode and A. S. Mahdi Al-Obaidi (2021) – Harvesting energy from vehicle transportation on highways using piezoelectric and thermoelectric technologies

Research details
- Authors: M. A. Mujaahiid Lallmamode and A. S. Mahdi Al-Obaidi
- Year: 2021
- Source: IOPScience
- Topic: Harvesting energy from vehicle transportation on highways using piezoelectric and thermoelectric technologies
- Form B PR 2 (San Beda University-Rizal)
Methodology
- Method: Experimental study
- System: Thermoelectric and piezoelectric energy harvesting system
- Tools: Mechanical Measurement Tools, Electrical Measurement Tools, and Statistical Software
- Core findings: The piezoelectric system generated a peak DC voltage of V_{DC, ext{peak}} = 9.83 ext{ V} under an everyday stress of ext{pressure} = 235.04 ext{kPa}, indicating a stable output under real-world loading
Key concepts
- Piezoelectric energy harvesting under vehicular stress on highways
- Thermoelectric + piezoelectric hybrid system as a combined energy source
- Measurement and validation via mechanical/electrical testing tools and statistical analysis
Practical implications and significance
- Roadway energy harvesting potential: piezoelectric tiles beneath highways could contribute to local energy needs or sensor networks
- System performance: demonstrated stable voltage under typical traffic-induced pressures; implications for durability and long-term reliability in roadside installations
Technical notes and data points
- Peak DC voltage: V_{DC, ext{peak}} = 9.83 ext{ V}
- Everyday stress: ext{pressure} = 235.04 ext{ kPa}
- Tools used: Mechanical Measurement Tools, Electrical Measurement Tools, and Statistical Software
Connections to broader energy harvesting themes
- Extends piezoelectric harvesting beyond pedestrian footfall to vehicular load scenarios
- Demonstrates viability of hybrid energy harvesting (piezoelectric + thermoelectric) for scalable infrastructure
Ethical/practical considerations
- Deployment would require structural integration with road surfaces and safety standards
- Long-term maintenance, environmental exposure, and safety for road users as practical considerations

Institutional context and Form B PR 2 (San Beda University-Rizal)

Source overview
- Page includes institutional header for San Beda University, Rizal campus and Manila campus, with addresses and contact details
- Mentions Integrated Basic Education Department and Senior High School
- Indicates submission and format for Practical Research 2 (PR 2) under Form B requirements
- Motto: “That in all things, God may be glorified”
Relevance to the notes
- Establishes the academic and administrative setting for the STEP-UP project
- Indicates the expected structure and deliverables for Form B PR 2 assignments
- Provides a contextual anchor for the RRL matrix and its sources in a university setting
Practical implications for the project
- Aligns literature review with a university campus context (San Beda University-Rizal)
- Supports the argument for energy-harvesting infrastructure on campus (e.g., charging stations, floor tiles, pedestrian traffic areas)
Summary of key takeaways across sources relevant to Form B PR 2
- Piezoelectric tiles offer a viable mechanism to harvest energy from human movement (foot traffic, playground activity, vehicle-induced stress) and can function as part of hybrid systems alongside solar or thermoelectric components
- Energy harvesting potential spans multiple environments: campuses, playgrounds, public facilities, highways, and urban transit hubs
- Environmental and practical benefits include renewable energy generation, potential reductions in carbon emissions, and improvements in air quality when integrated with sustainable charging infrastructure
- Reliability, durability, and user acceptance are recurring themes necessary for successful deployment
- Quantitative data points (e.g., sample sizes, voltage outputs, pressures) provide tangible benchmarks for ongoing experiments or pilot installations
Equations and data recap (LaTeX-format)
- Peak DC voltage from piezoelectric harvesting under given mechanical stress:
  V_{DC, ext{peak}} = 9.83\ ext{V}
- Corresponding everyday stress (pressure) applied:
  ext{stress} = 235.04\ \text{kPa}
- Representative sample sizes cited across sources:
- Campus study sample: N = 22\text{ players},\ N_s = 10{,}000 spectators
Final takeaway for exam preparation
- Recognize the interdisciplinary nature of piezoelectric energy harvesting (physics of piezoelectric effect, electrical engineering, data collection/analysis, environmental science, urban planning)
- Understand the role of context-specific measurements (load, foot traffic, vehicle loads, environmental exposure) in predicting real-world energy output
- Be prepared to discuss both quantitative and qualitative evidence for the viability and reliability of piezoelectric/kinetic energy harvesting in different environments