Research by Design & Qualitative Research Methods Notes

Research by Design

  • Design is creating solutions to research questions, beyond just urban design.
  • It involves proposing, evaluating, and redefining solutions.
  • The values include objectivity, validity, transferability in design process.

Linear vs. Iterative Processes

  • Linear: One solution to a problem.
  • Iterative: Multiple solutions, common in Built Environment.

Iterative Design Process Steps

  1. Define the problem.
  2. Collect information.
  3. Brainstorm & analyze ideas.
  4. Develop solutions/build a model.
  5. Present ideas for feedback.
  6. Improve your design.

Research by Design Methods

  • Performance-based design.
  • Scenario Planning.
  • What if?

Performance-Based Design

  • Evaluates solutions based on defined, quantifiable objectives.
  • Uses indicators and performance criteria (objective and subjective).
  • Objective values Examples: Number of dwellings, population density, program.
  • Subjective values Examples: Sustainability, Economy, Social cohesion.
  • Analysis criteria include stakeholders, implementation complexity, phasing.
  • All solutions must address the same question and objective and same assessment.

Scenario Planning

  • Used for assessing responses to rapid changes and unpredictability.
  • Uses a matrix with two axes representing variables.
  • Indicators are factors beyond control.
  • Four quadrants represent possible scenarios.

What If?

  • Tests the limits of speculations about future space use.
  • Used in the conceptual phase of a project.
  • Examples: car-free city center, water network as activity hotspot, shared housing facilities, flexible zoning regulated by public spaces.

Summary of Research by Design

  • Connects problem-solution actions with research principles.
  • Requires a clear question and analysis criteria.
  • Performance-based design: evaluates multiple solutions based on criteria.
  • Scenario planning: reduces future uncertainty using indicators and scenarios.
  • What if questions: explores future solutions conceptually.

Qualitative Research Methods

Questionnaire (Qualitative)

  • Open-ended written questions.
  • Gathers varied views on design issues.
  • Useful for public perception.

Interview

  • In-depth personal insights about spaces.
  • Uncovers emotional/social meanings.
  • Used with residents, designers, users.
  • Questions can be open, structured, or semi-structured.

Case Study

  • Deep dive into a specific built environment.
  • Explores social, spatial, cultural dynamics.
  • Useful for unique settings or interventions.

Desktop Research

  • Analyzing plans, reports, media.
  • Ideal for policy/design intent analysis.

Observational Research

  • Watch how spaces are used.
  • Captures real behavior in context.
  • Can be structured or open.