fatass word list
Adenoma: A benign tumor of glandular tissue
Prefix: Aden- – gland
Suffix: -oma – tumor
Gastrectomy: Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach
Prefix: Gastr- – stomach
Suffix: -ectomy – surgical removal
Nephrectomy: Surgical removal of a kidney
Prefix: Nephr- – kidney
Suffix: -ectomy – surgical removal
Arthralgia: Joint pain
Prefix: Arthr- – joint
Suffix: -algia – pain
Gastroenterology: Study of the stomach and intestines
Prefix: Gastro- – stomach
Suffix: -enterology – study of the intestines
Neuralgia: Nerve pain
Prefix: Neur- – nerve
Suffix: -algia – pain
Biopsy: Removal of tissue for diagnostic examination
Prefix: Bio- – life
Suffix: -opsy – to view
Gastrotomy: Surgical incision into the stomach
Prefix: Gastr- – stomach
Suffix: -tomy – incision
Oncology: Study of tumors (especially cancer)
Prefix: Onco- – tumor
Suffix: -logy – study of
Cephalic: Pertaining to the head
Prefix: Cephal- – head
Suffix: -ic – pertaining to
Gynecology: Study of female reproductive organs
Prefix: Gynec- – woman/female
Suffix: -logy – study of
Ophthalmoscope: Instrument for examining the eye
Prefix: Ophthalm- – eye
Suffix: -scope – instrument for viewing
Cerebral: Pertaining to the brain
Prefix: Cerebr- – brain
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Hematology: Study of blood
Prefix: Hemat- – blood
Suffix: -logy – study of
Pathogenic: Causing disease
Prefix: Patho- – disease
Suffix: -genic – producing
Cystoscopy: Visual examination of the bladder
Prefix: Cysto- – bladder
Suffix: -scopy – visual examination
Hematoma: Localized collection of blood outside vessels
Prefix: Hemat- – blood
Suffix: -oma – mass or tumor
Pathologist: Specialist in the study of disease
Prefix: Patho- – disease
Suffix: -logist – one who studies
Cytology: Study of cells
Prefix: Cyto- – cell
Suffix: -logy – study of
Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver
Prefix: Hepat- – liver
Suffix: -itis – inflammation
Pericardium: Membrane surrounding the heart
Prefix: Peri- – around
Root: Cardi- – heart
Suffix: -um – structure
Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin
Prefix: Dermat- – skin
Suffix: -itis – inflammation
Hypogastric: Below the stomach
Prefix: Hypo- – below
Root: Gastr- – stomach
Suffix: -ic – pertaining to
Prognosis: Prediction of the course of a disease
Prefix: Pro- – before
Root: -gnosis – knowledge
Diagnosis: Identification of a disease
Prefix: Dia- – through
Root: -gnosis – knowledge
Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar
Prefix: Hypo- – low
Root: Glyc- – sugar
Suffix: -emia – blood condition
Psychology: Study of the mind
Prefix: Psycho- – mind
Suffix: -logy – study of
Electroencephalogram: Recording of brain's electrical activity
Prefix: Electro- – electricity
Root: Encephalo- – brain
Suffix: -gram – record
Incision: A surgical cut
Prefix: In- – into
Suffix: -cision – cutting
Radiology: Study of X-rays and imaging
Prefix: Radio- – radiation
Suffix: -logy – study of
Epigastric: Above the stomach
Prefix: Epi- – upon/above
Root: Gastr- – stomach
Suffix: -ic – pertaining to
Iatrogenic: Induced by medical treatment
Prefix: Iatro- – physician
Suffix: -genic – produced by
Retrocardiac: Behind the heart
Prefix: Retro- – behind
Root: Cardi- – heart
Suffix: -ac – pertaining to
Erythrocyte: Red blood cell
Prefix: Erythro- – red
Suffix: -cyte – cell
Leukocyte: White blood cell
Prefix: Leuko- – white
Suffix: -cyte – cell
Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal passages
Prefix: Rhin- – nose
Suffix: -itis – inflammation
Excision: Removal by cutting out
Prefix: Ex- – out
Suffix: -cision – cutting
Leukemia: Cancer of white blood cells
Prefix: Leuk- – white
Suffix: -emia – blood condition
Thrombocyte: Blood clotting cell (platelet)
Prefix: Thrombo- – clot
Suffix: -cyte – cell
Mod 2
Adipose: Relating to fat
Prefix: Adip- – fat
Suffix: -ose – pertaining to
Dorsal: Pertaining to the back
Prefix: Dors- – back
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Anabolism: Constructive metabolism
Prefix: Ana- – up
Suffix: -bolism – metabolism/process
Histology: Study of tissues
Prefix: Histo- – tissue
Suffix: -logy – study of
Anterior: Front side of the body
Prefix: Anter- – front
Suffix: -ior – pertaining to
Inferior: Below or lower
Prefix: Infer- – below
Suffix: -ior – pertaining to
Metabolism: The body's chemical processes
Prefix: Meta- – change
Suffix: -bolism – metabolism/process
Posterior: Back side of the body
Prefix: Poster- – back
Suffix: -ior – pertaining to
Prone: Lying face down
(No prefix/suffix breakdown – root word)
Body Cavities: Spaces in the body that house organs
(Descriptive phrase – not a compound word)
Inguinal: Pertaining to the groin
Prefix: Inguin- – groin
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Proximal: Closer to the point of origin
Prefix: Proxim- – nearest
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Catabolism: Breakdown of complex substances
Prefix: Cata- – down
Suffix: -bolism – metabolism/process
Intervertebral: Between the vertebrae
Prefix: Inter- – between
Root: Vertebr- – spine
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Cytoplasm: Cell substance between the nucleus and membrane
Prefix: Cyto- – cell
Suffix: -plasm – formed substance
Karyotype: Chromosomal composition of a cell
Prefix: Karyo- – nucleus
Suffix: -type – classification
Supine: Lying on the back
Craniotomy: Surgical opening of the skull
Prefix: Cranio- – skull
Suffix: -tomy – incision
Larynx: Voice box
Superior: Above or higher
Prefix: Super- – above
Suffix: -ior – pertaining to
Lateral: Pertaining to the side
Prefix: Later- – side
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Ventral: Pertaining to the belly/front
Prefix: Ventr- – belly/front
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Distal: Farther from the point of origin
Prefix: Dist- – distant
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Mediastinum: Central compartment of the thoracic cavity
Prefix: Media- – middle
Suffix: -stinum – partition
Visceral: Pertaining to the internal organs
Prefix: Viscer- – internal organs
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Acromegaly: Enlargement of extremities due to hormone overproduction
Prefix: Acro- – extremities
Suffix: -megaly – enlargement
Anemia: Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
Prefix: An- – without
Suffix: -emia – blood condition
Angioplasty: Surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel
Prefix: Angio- – vessel
Suffix: -plasty – surgical repair
Angiography: Imaging of blood vessels
Prefix: Angio- – vessel
Suffix: -graphy – process of recording
Arteriole: Small branch of an artery
Prefix: Arteri- – artery
Suffix: -ole – small
Chronic: Long-lasting or recurrent condition
Prefix: Chron- – time
Suffix: -ic – pertaining to
Hemolysis: Destruction of red blood cells
Prefix: Hemo- – blood
Suffix: -lysis – breakdown
Hemostasis: Stoppage of bleeding
Prefix: Hemo- – blood
Suffix: -stasis – stopping/control
Hypertrophy: Increase in size of an organ or tissue
Prefix: Hyper- – excessive
Suffix: -trophy – growth/development
Ischemia: Reduced blood flow
Prefix: Isch- – to hold back
Suffix: -emia – blood condition
Myeloma: Tumor of the bone marrow
Prefix: Myel- – bone marrow
Suffix: -oma – tumor
Necrosis: Death of body tissue
Prefix: Necr- – death
Suffix: -osis – condition
Nephrologist: Kidney specialist
Prefix: Nephr- – kidney
Suffix: -logist – specialist
Neuralgia: Nerve pain
Prefix: Neur- – nerve
Suffix: -algia – pain
Osteomalacia: Softening of bones
Prefix: Osteo- – bone
Suffix: -malacia – softening
Abductor: Muscle that moves a limb away from the body
Prefix: Ab- – away from
Suffix: -ductor – one who leads
Dysplasia: Abnormal growth or development
Prefix: Dys- – bad/difficult
Suffix: -plasia – formation/growth
Percutaneous: Through the skin
Prefix: Per- – through
Root: Cutane- – skin
Suffix: -ous – pertaining to
Adductor: Muscle that moves a limb toward the body
Prefix: Ad- – toward
Suffix: -ductor – one who leads
Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing
Prefix: Dys- – difficult
Suffix: -pnea – breathing
Prolapse: Drooping or falling of an organ
Prefix: Pro- – forward
Suffix: -lapse – to fall
Apnea: Absence of breathing
Prefix: A- – without
Suffix: -pnea – breathing
Endocardium: Inner lining of the heart
Prefix: Endo- – inside
Root: Cardi- – heart
Suffix: -um – structure
Relapse: Return of a disease or symptoms
Prefix: Re- – again
Suffix: -lapse – to fall/slip
Benign: Non-cancerous and not harmful
(No prefix/suffix breakdown – descriptive term)
Epithelium: Layer of cells covering surfaces
Prefix: Epi- – upon
Root: Theli- – nipple or surface
Suffix: -um – structure
Remission: Disappearance of symptoms
Prefix: Re- – again/back
Suffix: -mission – send
Bifurcation: Division into two branches
Prefix: Bi- – two
Root: Furc- – fork
Suffix: -ation – process
Hyperplasia: Increased cell production
Prefix: Hyper- – excessive
Suffix: -plasia – growth/formation
Retroperitoneal: Behind the peritoneum (abdominal lining)
Prefix: Retro- – behind
Root: Peritone- – peritoneum
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Bilateral: Affecting both sides
Prefix: Bi- – two
Root: Later- – side
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Infracostal: Below the ribs
Prefix: Infra- – below
Root: Cost- – rib
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Subcutaneous: Under the skin
Prefix: Sub- – under
Root: Cutane- – skin
Suffix: -ous – pertaining to
Bradycardia: Abnormally slow heartbeat
Prefix: Brady- – slow
Root: Cardi- – heart
Suffix: -ia – condition
Malaise: General feeling of discomfort
(No prefix/suffix – French origin word)
Symbiosis: Living together of two different organisms
Prefix: Sym- – together
Suffix: -biosis – life condition
Congenital anomaly: An irregularity present at birth
Prefix: Con- – with/together
Root: Gen- – birth/origin
Suffix: -ital – pertaining to
Intercostal: Between the ribs
Prefix: Inter- – between
Root: Cost- – rib
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Symmetry: Equal arrangement
Prefix: Sym- – together
Suffix: -metry – measurement
Contraindication: A reason not to take a treatment
Prefix: Contra- – against
Suffix: -indication – sign or reason
Metamorphosis: Transformation
Prefix: Meta- – change
Root: Morph- – form
Suffix: -osis – process
Symphysis: Joint in which bones grow together
Prefix: Sym- – together
Suffix: -physis – growth
Contralateral: On the opposite side
Prefix: Contra- – opposite
Root: Later- – side
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Neonatal: Newborn period
Prefix: Neo- – new
Root: Nat- – birth
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Tachypnea: Rapid breathing
Prefix: Tachy- – fast
Suffix: -pnea – breathing
Dehydration: Excessive loss of water
Prefix: De- – removal
Root: Hydr- – water
Suffix: -ation – process
Neoplasm: New growth or tumor
Prefix: Neo- – new
Suffix: -plasm – growth
Unilateral: One-sided
Prefix: Uni- – one
Root: Later- – side
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Abdominoplasty: Surgical repair of the abdominal wall
Prefix: Abdomino- – abdomen
Suffix: -plasty – surgical repair
Celiac: Pertaining to the abdomen
Root: Celi- – abdomen
Suffix: -ac – pertaining to
Colostomy: Surgical opening into the colon
Prefix: Colo- – colon
Suffix: -stomy – surgical opening
Anorexia: Lack or loss of appetite
Prefix: An- – without
Root: -orexia – appetite
Cholangiography: Imaging of the bile ducts
Prefix: Cholangio- – bile ducts
Suffix: -graphy – process of recording
Crohn Disease: Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
(Eponym – no prefix/suffix breakdown)
Appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix
Root: Append- – appendix
Suffix: -ectomy – removal
Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder
Prefix: Chole- – bile
Root: Cyst- – bladder
Suffix: -ectomy – removal
Duodenum: First part of the small intestine
(Anatomical term – no breakdown required)
Appendix: A small structure attached to the cecum
(Anatomical term – Latin origin)
Choledochotomy: Incision into the common bile duct
Prefix: Choledocho- – common bile duct
Suffix: -tomy – incision
Ascites: Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
(No prefix/suffix – Greek origin)
Cholelithiasis: Gallstones
Prefix: Chole- – bile
Root: -lith – stone
Suffix: -iasis – condition
Dyspepsia: Indigestion
Prefix: Dys- – bad/difficult
Root: -pepsia – digestion
Atresia: Absence or closure of a normal opening
Prefix: A- – without
Root: -tresia – opening
Cholestasis: Stoppage of bile flow
Prefix: Chole- – bile
Suffix: -stasis – stopping
Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
Prefix: Dys- – difficult
Suffix: -phagia – swallowing
Bile: Digestive fluid from the liver
(Basic term – no prefix/suffix)
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver disease with scarring
(No prefix/suffix – Greek origin)
Emulsification: Breakdown of fat
Root: Emuls- – to suspend in liquid
Suffix: -ification – process of making
Etiology: Study of causes (of disease)
Prefix: Etio- – cause
Suffix: -logy – study of
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin due to bilirubin
(Descriptive term – French origin)
Postprandial: After a meal
Prefix: Post- – after
Root: Prandial – meal
Flatus: Gas expelled from the anus
(Basic term – Latin origin)
Lower GI Series: X-ray of the lower gastrointestinal tract
(Descriptive phrase – no breakdown needed)
Pyloric Sphincter: Muscle between stomach and small intestine
(Anatomical term – no breakdown needed)
Gastrorrhagia: Stomach bleeding
Prefix: Gastro- – stomach
Suffix: -rrhagia – excessive flow/bleeding
Mastication: Chewing
(Root term – Latin origin)
Stomatitis: Inflammation of the mouth
Root: Stomat- – mouth
Suffix: -itis – inflammation
Hematemesis: Vomiting of blood
Prefix: Hemat- – blood
Suffix: -emesis – vomiting
Nasogastric Intubation: Insertion of a tube through nose into stomach
Prefix: Naso- – nose
Root: Gastr- – stomach
Suffix: -ic – pertaining to
Stool Guaiac: Test for blood in stool
(Descriptive phrase – stool = feces, Guaiac = test reagent)
Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood
Prefix: Hemo- – blood
Suffix: -ptysis – spitting
Palatoplasty: Surgical repair of the palate
Root: Palato- – palate
Suffix: -plasty – surgical repair
Sublingual: Under the tongue
Prefix: Sub- – under
Root: Lingu- – tongue
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Hepatomegaly: Enlarged liver
Prefix: Hepato- – liver
Suffix: -megaly – enlargement
Paracentesis: Removal of fluid from a body cavity
Prefix: Para- – beside
Suffix: -centesis – surgical puncture
Villi: Finger-like projections in the small intestine
(Anatomical term – Latin origin)
Herniorraphy: Surgical repair of a hernia
Root: Hernio- – hernia
Suffix: -rrhaphy – suture
Parenteral: Administered outside the digestive tract
Prefix: Par- – beside
Root: Enter- – intestine
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Upper GI Series: X-ray of upper gastrointestinal tract
(Descriptive phrase – no breakdown needed)
Hiatal Hernia: Stomach protrudes through diaphragm
(Descriptive term – no breakdown needed)
Peristalsis: Wave-like muscle contractions of digestive tract
Prefix: Peri- – around
Root: Stalsis – contraction
Volvulus: Twisting of the intestine
(Descriptive term – Latin origin)
Hypoglossal: Under the tongue (cranial nerve)
Prefix: Hypo- – below
Root: Gloss- – tongue
Suffix: -al – pertaining to
Pharyngeal: Pertaining to the pharynx (throat)
Root: Pharyng- – pharynx
Suffix: -eal – pertaining to
Idiopathic: Of unknown cause
Prefix: Idio- – unknown/self
Suffix: -pathic – disease-related
Polyphagia: Excessive eating
Prefix: Poly- – many
Suffix: -phagia – eating
lbuminuria: Albumin in the urine
Root: Albumin- – albumin (protein)
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of kidney glomeruli
Root: Glomerulo- – glomerulus
Root: Nephr- – kidney
Suffix: -itis – inflammation
Renal Calculi: Kidney stones
Root: Renal – kidney
Root: Calculi – stones
Anuria: Absence of urine
Prefix: An- – without
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Glycosuria: Sugar in the urine
Root: Glycos- – sugar
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Renal Tubules: Small tubes in the kidneys
Root: Renal – kidney
Root: Tubules – small tubes
Bacteriuria: Bacteria in the urine
Root: Bacteri- – bacteria
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Glomerulus: Network of capillaries in kidney
(Anatomical term – Latin origin)
Retrograde Pyelogram: X-ray of kidney via backward dye flow
Prefix: Retro- – backward
Root: Pyelo- – renal pelvis
Suffix: -gram – record
Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder
Root: Cyst- – bladder
Suffix: -itis – inflammation
Hematuria: Blood in the urine
Prefix: Hemat- – blood
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Trigone: Triangular area of the bladder
(Anatomical term – Greek origin)
Diabetes Mellitus: Metabolic disorder with high blood sugar
(Latin/Greek descriptive term – no breakdown)
Hemodialysis: Filtering of blood through a machine
Prefix: Hemo- – blood
Suffix: -dialysis – separation
Urea: Waste product formed in liver
(Basic chemical term)
Diabetes Insipidus: Condition with dilute urine
(Latin/Greek descriptive term – no breakdown)
Hydronephrosis: Swelling of kidney due to fluid
Prefix: Hydro- – water
Root: Nephr- – kidney
Suffix: -osis – condition
Uremia: Urea in the blood
Root: Ur- – urine
Suffix: -emia – blood condition
Dialysis: Removal of waste from blood
Prefix: Dia- – through
Suffix: -lysis – separation
Nocturia: Excessive urination at night
Prefix: Noct- – night
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Ureter: Tube from kidney to bladder
(Anatomical term – Greek origin)
Diuresis: Increased urine production
Prefix: Di- – through
Root: Ur- – urine
Suffix: -esis – condition
Oliguria: Low urine output
Prefix: Olig- – few/little
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Urethra: Tube from bladder to outside
(Anatomical term – Greek origin)
Dysuria: Painful urination
Prefix: Dys- – difficult
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Polydipsia: Excessive thirst
Prefix: Poly- – many/excessive
Suffix: -dipsia – thirst
Urinalysis: Examination of urine
Root: Ur- – urine
Suffix: -analysis – examination
Edema: Swelling caused by fluid retention
(Descriptive term – Greek origin)
Polyuria: Excessive urination
Prefix: Poly- – many/excessive
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Urinary Incontinence: Inability to control urination
(Descriptive phrase – "incontinence" means lack of control)
Enuresis: Involuntary urination
(Greek origin – no prefix/suffix breakdown)
Pyuria: Pus in the urine
Prefix: Py- – pus
Suffix: -uria – urine condition
Amenorrhea: absence of menstruation
a-: without
-rrhea: flow, discharge
Amniocentesis: surgical puncture of the amniotic sac
amnio-: amnion (sac surrounding embryo)
-centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid
Apgar: test to evaluate newborn health
(Proper noun; not broken into prefix/suffix)
Corpus Luteum: hormone-secreting body in the ovary
corpus: body
luteum: yellow
Dysmenorrhea: painful menstruation
dys-: painful, difficult
men/o: menstruation
-rrhea: flow
Ectopic Pregnancy: pregnancy outside the uterus
ec- / ecto-: outside
-ic: pertaining to
Embryo: early stage of development
(Root word; no prefix/suffix)
Endometriosis: abnormal growth of uterine tissue outside uterus
endo-: within
metri/o: uterus
-osis: condition
Episiotomy: incision into the vulva
episi/o: vulva
-tomy: incision
Fibrocystic Breast Disease: benign lumps in breast
fibr/o: fibrous tissue
cystic: pertaining to cysts
Fibroids: benign tumors of the uterus
fibr/o: fibrous tissue
-oid: resembling
Gestation: period of pregnancy
gest-: carry
-ation: process
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): hormone of pregnancy
(Abbreviation; no breakdown needed)
Hydrocephalus: fluid in the brain
hydr/o: water
cephalus: head
Hysterectomy: removal of the uterus
hyster/o: uterus
-ectomy: removal
Lactation: production of milk
lact/o: milk
-ation: process
Laparoscope: instrument to view abdominal cavity
lapar/o: abdomen
-scope: instrument to view
Mammoplasty: surgical repair of the breast
mamm/o: breast
-plasty: surgical repair
Mastitis: inflammation of the breast
mast/o: breast
-itis: inflammation
Menarche: first menstrual period
men/o: menstruation
-arche: beginning
Menorrhagia: excessive menstrual bleeding
men/o: menstruation
-rrhagia: excessive flow
Metrorrhagia: bleeding from the uterus at times other than menstruation
metr/o: uterus
-rrhagia: bursting forth
Multipara: woman who has given birth more than once
multi-: many
-para: to bear (offspring)
Neonatal: pertaining to the newborn
neo-: new
nat/o: birth
-al: pertaining to
Oligomenorrhea: infrequent menstruation
oligo-: scanty
men/o: menstruation
-rrhea: flow
Ovarian Follicles: structures in the ovaries containing eggs
ovari/o: ovary
follicle: small sac
Pap Smear: test for cervical cancer
(Proper name; no prefix/suffix breakdown)
Parturition: act of giving birth
part-: labor
-urition: process
Primigravida: woman pregnant for the first time
primi-: first
-gravida: pregnancy
Placenta: organ that nourishes the fetus
(Root word; no breakdown)
Retroversion: tipping backward of an organ (e.g., uterus)
retro-: backward
-version: turning
Placenta Previa: placenta blocks the cervical opening
pre-: before
via: way/path
Preeclampsia: pregnancy disorder with high blood pressure
pre-: before
eclampsia: convulsions (from Greek)
Androgen: male hormone
andr/o: male
-gen: producing
Prostatitis: inflammation of the prostate
prostat/o: prostate
-itis: inflammation
Azoospermia: absence of sperm
a-: without
zo/o: life
spermia: sperm
Prostate Specific Antigen: protein marker for prostate health
(Phrase; not broken down into roots)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: non-cancerous enlargement of prostate
benign: not malignant
prostat/o: prostate
-ic: pertaining to
hyper-: excessive
-plasia: growth
Purulent: containing pus
pur-: pus
-ulent: full of
Carcinoma of the Prostate: cancer of prostate gland
carcin/o: cancer
-oma: tumor
Seminiferous Tubules: sperm-producing tubes in testes
semin/o: semen
-ferous: bearing
Chancre: ulcer from syphilis
(Root word; no breakdown)
Seminoma: tumor of the testis
semin/o: semen
-oma: tumor
Cryptorchism: undescended testicle
crypt-: hidden
orch/o: testis
-ism: condition
Spermatogenesis: formation of sperm
spermat/o: sperm
-genesis: creation
Epididymis: structure atop testis where sperm mature
Spermolytic: destroying sperm
sperm/o: sperm
-lytic: destruction
Orchiopexy: surgical fixation of testicle
orchi/o: testis
-pexy: fixation
Testosterone: male hormone
Perineum: area between anus and genitalia
Vas deferens: tube that carries sperm
vas: vessel
deferens: carrying away
Prepuce: foreskin
Vasectomy: removal of part of vas deferens
vas/o: vessel
-ectomy: remova
Analgesia: absence of pain
an-: without
-algesia: sensitivity to pain
Epidural: above or outside the dura mater (outermost meningeal layer)
epi-: upon, above
-dural: pertaining to dura mater
Hematoma: collection of blood outside vessels
hemat/o: blood
-oma: tumor, mass
Neuropathy: disease of nerves
neur/o: nerve
-pathy: disease
Aneurysm: bulging or ballooning of a blood vessel
(Root word; Greek origin, not broken into prefix/suffix)
Epilepsy: neurological disorder with seizures
epi-: upon
-lepsy: seizure
Neurotransmitter: chemical messenger between neurons
neur/o: nerve
trans-: across
-mitter: one who sends
Aphasia: loss of ability to speak or understand language
a-: without
-phasia: speech
Hemiparesis: weakness on one side of the body
hemi-: half
-paresis: partial paralysis
Paraplegia: paralysis of the lower limbs
para-: beside, abnormal
-plegia: paralysis
Ataxia: lack of muscle coordination
a-: without
-taxia: order, coordination
Hemiplegia: complete paralysis on one side of the body
hemi-: half
-plegia: paralysis
Paresis: partial paralysis or weakness
(Root word; no prefix/suffix breakdown)
Bradykinesia: slow movement
brady-: slow
-kinesia: movement
Hyperkinesis: excessive movement
hyper-: excessive
-kinesis: movement
Paresthesia: abnormal sensation (e.g., tingling)
para-: abnormal
-esthesia: sensation
Causalgia: burning pain
caus/o: burn
-algia: pain
Meninges: protective membranes around brain and spinal cord
(Root word; plural of “meninx” – no breakdown)
Polyneuritis: inflammation of many nerves
poly-: many
neur/o: nerve
-itis: inflammation
Comatose: in a state of coma
coma: deep unconsciousness
-ose: pertaining to (or full of)
Meningioma: tumor of the meninges
meningi/o: meninges
-oma: tumor
Quadriplegia: paralysis of all four limbs
quadri-: four
-plegia: paralysis
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): stroke; disruption of blood flow to the brain
cerebr/o: brain
vascul/o: vessel
-ar: pertaining to
Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges
mening/o: meninges
-itis: inflammation
Spina Bifida: congenital defect where spinal cord doesn't close properly
spin/o: spine
bifida: split
Myasthenia Gravis: autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness
my/o: muscle
-asthenia: weakness
gravis: severe
Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture): procedure to remove spinal fluid
(Common name; no breakdown needed beyond general explanation)
Dementia: loss of intellectual brain function
de-: without
-mentia: mind
Myoneural: relating to muscles and nerves
my/o: muscle
neur/o: nerve
-al: pertaining to
Dendrite: branching part of a neuron
dendr/o: tree
-ite: segment or part
Narcolepsy: condition of uncontrolled sleep episodes
narc/o: sleep
-lepsy: seizure
Synapse: junction between two neurons
(Root word; Greek origin – not broken into prefix/suffix)
Dyslexia: reading disorder
dys-: difficult
-lexia: reading
Neuralgia: nerve pain
neur/o: nerve
-algia: pain
Syncope: fainting
(Root word; Greek origin – no affixes to break down)
Embolus: a traveling blood clot or debris
embol/o: plug
-us: structure
Neurasthenia: nerve weakness
neur/o: nerve
-asthenia: weakness
Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain
encephal/o: brain
-itis: inflammation
Neuron: nerve cell
neur/o: nerve
-on: structure
Angioplasty: surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel
angi/o: vessel
-plasty: surgical repair
Electrocardiography: process of recording electrical activity of the heart
electr/o: electricity
cardi/o: heart
-graphy: process of recording
Petechiae: small pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin
(Root word; no prefix/suffix breakdown)
Arrhythmia: irregular heartbeat
a-: without
-rrhythmia: rhythm
Endocarditis: inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endo-: within
card/i: heart
-itis: inflammation
Pulmonary Artery: blood vessel carrying blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmon/o: lung
-ary: pertaining to
artery: blood vessel
Atherosclerosis: hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup
ather/o: fatty plaque
scler/o: hardening
-osis: condition
Endocardium: inner lining of the heart
endo-: within
cardi/o: heart
-um: structure
Septum: wall dividing two cavities
(Root word; Latin origin – no affix breakdown)
Aneurysm: localized dilation of a blood vessel
(Root word; Greek origin – no affix breakdown)
Endothelium: inner lining of blood vessels
endo-: within
theli/o: nipple (used here for cellular layer)
-um: structure
Sinoatrial Node: heart's natural pacemaker
sin/o: sinus
atri/o: atrium
-al: pertaining to
Angiogram: imaging of blood vessels
angi/o: vessel
-gram: record
Hemorrhoids: swollen veins in the rectum/anus
hem/o: blood
-rrhoid: resembling flow
Sinus Rhythm: normal heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial node
(Term of anatomy/function – no affix breakdown)
Auscultation: listening to internal body sounds
(Root word; Latin – auscultare: to listen)
Hypoxia: deficiency of oxygen in tissues
hypo-: below
-oxia: oxygen
Sphygmomanometer: instrument for measuring blood pressure
sphygm/o: pulse
man/o: pressure
-meter: instrument for measuring
Capillary: smallest blood vessel
(Root word; Latin – capillus: hair)
Ischemia: inadequate blood supply
isch/o: to hold back
-emia: blood condition
Superior Vena Cava: large vein returning blood to the heart
superior: above
vena cava: large vein
Cardiomegaly: enlarged heart
cardi/o: heart
-megaly: enlargement
Myocardial Infarction: heart attack; death of heart muscle
my/o: muscle
cardi/o: heart
-al: pertaining to
infarct: area of dead tissue
Systole: phase when the heart contracts
(Root word; Greek origin – sustole: contraction)
Cardiomyopathy: disease of heart muscle
cardi/o: heart
my/o: muscle
-pathy: disease
Myocardium: muscular tissue of the heart
my/o: muscle
cardi/o: heart
-um: structure
Tachycardia: abnormally fast heartbeat
tachy-: fast
-cardia: heart condition
Coronary Arteries: arteries supplying blood to the heart
coron/o: crown or heart
-ary: pertaining to
Murmur: abnormal heart sound
(Root word; onomatopoeic origin – no affix breakdown)
Thrombolysis: dissolution of a clot
thromb/o: clot
-lysis: destruction
Cyanosis: bluish skin color due to lack of oxygen
cyan/o: blue
-osis: condition
Palpitations: awareness of rapid or irregular heartbeat
(Root word; Latin – palpitare: to flutter)
Thrombophlebitis: inflammation of a vein with clot formation
thromb/o: clot
phleb/o: vein
-itis: inflammation
Diastole: relaxation phase of the heart
(Root word; Greek – diastole: dilation)
Pericarditis: inflammation of the membrane around the heart
peri-: around
cardi/o: heart
-itis: inflammation
Tricuspid Valve: valve between right atrium and ventricle
tri-: three
-cuspid: point
Echocardiography: ultrasound imaging of the heart
echo-: reflected sound
cardi/o: heart
-graphy: process of recording
Pericardium: sac surrounding the heart
peri-: around
cardi/o: heart
-um: structure
Vegetations: abnormal growths on heart valves
(Root word; used metaphorically – no affix breakdown)
Mod 9: Respiratory System
Alveolus (Alveoli): air sac in the lung
(Root word; Latin – alveus: cavity)
Empyema: pus in a body cavity
em-: in
py/o: pus
-ema: condition
Pleura: membrane surrounding the lungs
(Root word; Greek – pleuron: side)
Apical: pertaining to the apex (top or tip)
apic/o: apex
-al: pertaining to
Epistaxis: nosebleed
epi-: upon
-staxis: dripping, oozing
Pneumonectomy: surgical removal of a lung
pneumon/o: lung
-ectomy: surgical removal
Apnea: absence of breathing
a-: without
-pnea: breathing
External Respiration: gas exchange between lungs and blood
extern-: outside
-ation: process
Pneumonia: lung inflammation usually due to infection
pneumon/o: lung
-ia: condition
Asphyxia: lack of oxygen
a-: without
-sphyxia: pulse
Hemoptysis: coughing up blood
hem/o: blood
-ptysis: spitting
Pneumothorax: air in the chest cavity
pneum/o: air or lung
-thorax: chest
Atelectasis: collapse of lung tissue
atel/o: incomplete
-ectasis: expansion
Hemothorax: blood in the chest cavity
hem/o: blood
-thorax: chest
Rales: abnormal lung sounds (crackles)
(Descriptive term; no affix breakdown)
Bronchoscopy: visual examination of bronchi
bronch/o: bronchus
-scopy: visual examination
Hilum: entrance point of vessels/nerves into organ
(Anatomical term – Latin origin)
Rhinorrhea: nasal discharge
rhin/o: nose
-rrhea: flow
Bronchioles: small branches of bronchi
bronchi/o: bronchus
-ole: small
Hyperpnea: increased breathing
hyper-: excessive
-pnea: breathing
Rhonchi: coarse rattling respiratory sounds
(Descriptive term – Greek origin)
Cor Pulmonale: heart failure due to lung disease
cor: heart
pulmonale: lungs
Internal Respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissues
intern-: within
-ation: process
Sputum: mucus from respiratory tract
(Root word – Latin origin)
Diaphragm: muscle separating chest and abdomen
(Root word – Greek: diaphragma)
Lobectomy: removal of a lobe of an organ
lob/o: lobe
-ectomy: surgical removal
Tachypnea: rapid breathing
tachy-: fast
-pnea: breathing
Dyspnea: difficulty breathing
dys-: difficult
-pnea: breathing
Orthopnea: ability to breathe only in upright position
orth/o: straight
-pnea: breathing
Thoracentesis: surgical puncture of the chest
thorac/o: chest
-centesis: surgical puncture
Emphysema: lung condition with air trapping and alveolar damage
em-: in
phys/o: inflate
-ema: condition
Paroxysmal: occurring suddenly or episodically
Anisocytosis: Condition of unequal cell sizes
prefix: an- = without, not
root: iso = equal
suffix: -cytosis = condition of cells
Antibody: Protein that neutralizes antigens
prefix: anti- = against
root: body = body (immunity component)
Antigen: Substance that stimulates immune response
prefix: anti- = against
root: gen = producing
Aplastic anemia: Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells
prefix: a- = without
root: plast = formation
suffix: -ic = pertaining to
Dyscrasia: Abnormal condition of the blood
prefix: dys- = bad, abnormal
root: crasia = mixture (blood condition)
Eosinophil: White blood cell stained by eosin
root: eosin = rosy, dawn-colored
suffix: -phil = attraction for
Fibrin: Protein forming blood clots
root: fibrin = fiber
Hematocrit: Percentage of blood volume from red cells
root: hemat = blood
suffix: -crit = to separate
Hemoglobin: Oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells
root: hemo = blood
root: globin = protein
Hemolysis: Breakdown of red blood cells
root: hemo = blood
suffix: -lysis = breakdown, destruction
Hemophilia: Genetic disorder affecting blood clotting
root: hemo = blood
suffix: -philia = affinity for (tendency to bleed)
Heparin: Anticoagulant (blood thinner)
root: heparin = liver-derived compound
Hypochromic: Lacking color (as in RBCs)
prefix: hypo- = low, deficient
root: chrom = color
suffix: -ic = pertaining to
Leukemia: Cancer of white blood cells
root: leuk = white
suffix: -emia = blood condition
Leukopenia: Deficiency of white blood cells
root: leuko = white
suffix: -penia = deficiency
Lymphocyte: White blood cell in the lymphatic system
root: lymph = lymph
suffix: -cyte = cell
Macrophage: Large phagocytic white blood cell
prefix: macro- = large
suffix: -phage = eater
Microcytosis: Presence of small red blood cells
prefix: micro- = small
root: cyt = cell
suffix: -osis = condition
Mononucleosis: Disease with many mononuclear leukocytes
prefix: mono- = one
root: nucle = nucleus
suffix: -osis = condition
Myeloblast: Immature bone marrow cell
root: myel = bone marrow
suffix: -blast = immature cell
Pancytopenia: Deficiency of all blood cells
prefix: pan- = all
root: cyt = cell
suffix: -penia = deficiency
Phagocyte: Cell that engulfs foreign substances
root: phag = eat
suffix: -cyte = cell
Plasma: Liquid component of blood
root: plasma = something formed
Relapse: Return of disease symptoms
prefix: re- = again
root: lapse = slip or fall
Remission: Lessening or disappearance of symptoms
prefix: re- = again
root: miss = send
suffix: -ion = process
Serum: Plasma without clotting factors
root: serum = whey (liquid)
Stem cells: Undifferentiated cells with growth potential
root: stem = main part
root: cell = basic unit of life
Adaptive immunity: Immunity developed from exposure
root: adapt = to adjust
suffix: -ive = pertaining to
AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
acronym breakdown:
Acquired = not inherited
Immuno- = immune
Deficiency = lack
Syndrome = group of symptoms
Allergy: Immune reaction to harmless substance
root: all = other
suffix: -ergy = work
Anaphylaxis: Severe allergic reaction
prefix: ana- = up, back
root: phylaxis = protection
Cytotoxic T cells: T cells that kill infected cells
prefix: cyto- = cell
root: toxic = poisonous
Hypersensitivity: Excessive immune response
prefix: hyper- = over
root: sensitivity = responsiveness
Immunoglobulin: Antibody protein
root: immuno- = immune
suffix: -globulin = protein
Interferons: Proteins interfering with virus replication
prefix: inter- = between
root: fer = carry
Interleukins: Proteins mediating immune communication
prefix: inter- = between
root: leukin = white (WBC related)
Interstitial fluid: Fluid between cells
root: inter- = between
root: stitial = standing/place
Kaposi Sarcoma: Cancer linked to AIDS
proper name: Kaposi
root: sarcoma = connective tissue tumor
Lymphadenopathy: Disease of lymph nodes
root: lymph = lymph
root: aden = gland
suffix: -pathy = disease
Lymphoid: Resembling lymph tissue
root: lymph = lymph
suffix: -oid = resembling
Natural immunity: Immunity present at birth
root: natur = birth
suffix: -al = pertaining to
Palliative: Relieving symptoms, not curing
root: palliat = cloaked, hidden
suffix: -ive = pertaining to
Thrombocytopenia: Low platelet count
root: thrombo = clot
root: cyto = cell
suffix: -penia = deficiency
Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot
root: thromb = clot
suffix: -osis = condition
Toxic: Poisonous
root: tox = poison
suffix: -ic = pertaining to
T cells: White blood cells that manage immunity
letter T = derived from thymus
Thymoma: Tumor of the thymus
root: thym = thymus
suffix: -oma = tumor
Vaccinations: Administration of antigen to induce immunity
root: vaccin = cow (origin, smallpox)
suffix: -ation = process
Abduction: Movement away from midline
prefix: ab- = away from
root: duct = to lead
suffix: -ion = action
Adduction: Movement toward midline
prefix: ad- = toward
root: duct = to lead
suffix: -ion = action
Arthrocentesis: Puncture of a joint
root: arthro = joint
suffix: -centesis = surgical puncture
Arthroscopy: Visual examination of a joint
root: arthro = joint
suffix: -scopy = visual examination
Articulation: Joint or joining point
root: articul = joint
suffix: -ation = process
Atrophy: Wasting away of tissue
prefix: a- = without
root: trophy = nourishment, development
Bursa: Fluid-filled sac to reduce friction
root: bursa = purse, sac
Crepitus: Grating sound in joints
root: crepit = crackling
Dorsiflexion: Bending foot backward
root: dorsi = back
root: flex = bend
suffix: -ion = action
Epiphysis: End part of a long bone
prefix: epi- = on, upon
root: physis = growth
Extension: Straightening a limb
root: extend = to stretch
suffix: -ion = action
Flexion: Bending a limb
root: flex = bend
suffix: -ion = action
Fractures: Breaks in bones
root: fract = break
suffix: -ure = process
Kyphosis: Humpback curvature
root: kyph = hump
suffix: -osis = condition
Laminectomy: Removal of a vertebral lamina
root: lamin = lamina
suffix: -ectomy = surgical removal
Ligament: Connective tissue binding bones
root: lig = to bind
Lordosis: Swayback curvature
root: lord = curve
suffix: -osis = condition
Muscular dystrophy: Inherited muscle wasting
root: muscul = muscle
root: dys = abnormal
suffix: -trophy = nourishment
Myasthenia gravis: Chronic muscle weakness
root: my = muscle
root: asthenia = weakness
root: gravis = severe
Myositis: Inflammation of muscle
root: myos = muscle
suffix: -itis = inflammation
Ossification: Bone formation
root: oss = bone
suffix: -fication = process of making
Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease
root: osteo = bone
root: arthr = joint
suffix: -itis = inflammation
Osteomalacia: Softening of bones
root: osteo = bone
suffix: -malacia = softening
Osteomyelitis: Infection of bone and marrow
root: osteo = bone
root: myel = marrow
suffix: -itis = inflammation
Osteoporosis: Decrease in bone density
root: osteo = bone
root: por = passage
suffix: -osis = condition
Polymyalgia: Pain in several muscles
prefix: poly- = many
root: myalgia = muscle pain
Polymyositis: Inflammation of many muscles
prefix: poly- = many
root: myos = muscle
suffix: -itis = inflammation
Pronation: Turning palm downward
root: pron = bent forward
suffix: -ation = process
Reduction: Realignment of broken bone
prefix: re- = again
root: duct = lead
suffix: -ion = process
Rheumatoid arthritis: Autoimmune joint inflammation
root: rheumat = watery flow
root: arthr = joint
suffix: -itis = inflammation
Rheumatologist: Specialist in joint diseases
root: rheumat = flow
suffix: -logist = specialist
Scoliosis: Lateral spinal curvature
root: scoli = crooked
suffix: -osis = condition
Supination: Turning palm upward
root: supin = lying backward
suffix: -ation = process
Synovial joints: Freely movable joints
root: synov = synovial membrane
suffix: -ial = pertaining to
Tendon: Connects muscle to bone
root: tend = to stretch
"Adipose": Fatty; relating to fat tissue
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ose = full of, pertaining to
"Albino": A person lacking pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
Prefix: albin- = white
Suffix: -o = noun form (often used for a person or thing)
"Alopecia": Absence or loss of hair
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ia = condition
"Causalgia": Burning pain due to nerve damage
Prefix: caus- = burn, heat
Suffix: -algia = pain
"Collagen": Fibrous protein in connective tissue
Prefix: None
Suffix: -gen = producing
"Decubitus Ulcer": Bedsore from prolonged pressure
Prefix: de- = down, away
Suffix: -itus = condition (inflammation)
"Diaphoresis": Profuse sweating
Prefix: dia- = through
Suffix: -phoresis = carrying, transmission
"Eczema": Inflammatory skin condition causing itching/redness
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ema = condition
"Epidermis": Outermost skin layer
Prefix: epi- = upon
Suffix: -dermis = skin
"Erythema": Redness of the skin
Prefix: erythr- = red
Suffix: -ema = condition
"Gangrene": Tissue death from lack of blood
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ene = condition
"Ichthyosis": Skin disorder causing dry, scaly skin
Prefix: ichthy- = fish, dry
Suffix: -osis = condition
"Impetigo": Contagious bacterial skin infection
Prefix: None
Suffix: -igo = condition
"Keloid": Overgrowth of scar tissue
Prefix: kel- = tumor, swelling
Suffix: -oid = resembling
"Keratin": Protein in skin, hair, nails
Prefix: kerat- = horny tissue
Suffix: -in = substance
"Lipoma": Benign fatty tumor
Prefix: lip- = fat
Suffix: -oma = tumor
"Melanocyte": Pigment-producing skin cell
Prefix: melano- = black/dark
Suffix: -cyte = cell
"Melanoma": Malignant tumor of melanocytes
Prefix: melano- = black/dark
Suffix: -oma = tumor
"Petechia": Small skin or mucosal hemorrhage
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ia = condition
"Pruritus": Severe itching
Prefix: None
Suffix: -itus = inflammation, condition
"Psoriasis": Chronic skin disease with itchy, scaly patches
Prefix: None
Suffix: -iasis = abnormal condition
"Scabies": Contagious skin disease from mites
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ies = condition
"Squamous Epithelium": Flat, scale-like cells covering surfaces
Prefix: squam- = scale
Suffix: -ous = pertaining to
"Subcutaneous": Beneath the skin
Prefix: sub- = under
Suffix: -aneous = pertaining to
"Subungual": Beneath a fingernail or toenail
Prefix: sub- = under
Suffix: -al = pertaining to
"Urticaria": Hives; itchy wheals on the skin
Prefix: None
Suffix: -aria = condition
"Vesicle": Small fluid-filled sac
Prefix: None
Suffix: -cle = small
"Vitiligo": Skin depigmentation disorder
Prefix: None
Suffix: -igo = condition
"Wheal": Raised red skin lesion due to allergic reaction
Prefix: None
Suffix: None
"Xerosis": Abnormal skin dryness
Prefix: xero- = dry
Suffix: -sis = condition
Mod 13
"Accommodation": Eye adjusting to focus
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ation = process
"Acoustic": Relating to hearing
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ic = pertaining to
"Amblyopia": Lazy eye; reduced vision
Prefix: ambly- = dull
Suffix: -opia = vision condition
"Anisocoria": Unequal pupil sizes
Prefix: an- = not, without
Root: iso = equal
Suffix: -coria = pupil
"Aqueous humor": Watery eye fluid in anterior chamber
Prefix: aque- = water
Suffix: -ous = pertaining to
"Astigmatism": Blurred vision due to irregular cornea
Prefix: a- = without
Root: stigma = point
Suffix: -ism = condition
"Audiogram": Chart showing hearing test results
Prefix: audio- = hearing
Suffix: -gram = recording
"Auricle": External part of the ear
Prefix: auri- = ear
Suffix: -cle = small
"Cataract": Clouding of the eye lens
Prefix: None
Suffix: -act = process
"Cochlea": Spiral-shaped ear structure for hearing
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ea = structure
"Conjunctivitis": Inflammation of the eye membrane
Prefix: conjunctiv- = conjunctiva
Suffix: -itis = inflammation
"Cornea": Transparent front part of the eye
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ea = tissue
"Diplopia": Double vision
Prefix: dipl- = double
Suffix: -opia = vision condition
"Glaucoma": Increased eye pressure causing nerve damage
Prefix: glauc- = gray
Suffix: -oma = condition/tumor
"Hemianopsia": Loss of half of visual field
Prefix: hemi- = half
Root: an- = without
Suffix: -opsia = vision
"Hyperopia": Farsightedness
Prefix: hyper- = excessive
Suffix: -opia = vision condition
"Lacrimal": Relating to tears
Prefix: lacrim- = tears
Suffix: -al = pertaining to
"Mastoiditis": Inflammation of the mastoid bone
Prefix: mastoid- = mastoid process
Suffix: -itis = inflammation
"Miosis": Pupil constriction
Prefix: None
Suffix: -osis = condition
"Mydriasis": Pupil dilation
Prefix: None
Suffix: -iasis = condition
"Myopia": Nearsightedness
Prefix: my- = shut
Suffix: -opia = vision condition
"Nyctalopia": Night blindness
Prefix: nyct- = night
Suffix: -alopia = blindness
"Otitis Media": Middle ear infection
Prefix: ot- = ear
Suffix: -itis = inflammation
"Otopyorrhea": Ear discharge containing pus
Prefix: oto- = ear
Root: pyo- = pus
Suffix: -rrhea = flow/discharge
"Otoscopy": Ear examination using a scope
Prefix: oto- = ear
Suffix: -scopy = visual examination
"Photophobia": Light sensitivity
Prefix: photo- = light
Suffix: -phobia = fear/sensitivity
"Presbyopia": Age-related vision loss
Prefix: presby- = old age
Suffix: -opia = vision condition
"Refraction": Bending of light in the eye
Prefix: re- = back/again
Root: fract- = break/bend
Suffix: -ion = process
"Strabismus": Misalignment of the eyes
Prefix: None
Suffix: -ismus = condition
"Tinnitus": Ringing or buzzing in the ears
Prefix: None
Suffix: -us = condition
"Tympanoplasty": Surgical repair of the eardrum
Prefix: tympano- = eardrum
Suffix: -plasty = surgical repair
"Vertigo": Sensation of spinning
Prefix: None
Suffix: -igo = condition
"Tympanic membrane": Eardrum
Prefix: tympan- = eardrum
Suffix: -ic = pertaining to
"Adenectomy": Surgical removal of a gland
Root: aden- = gland
Suffix: -ectomy = removal
"Adrenaline": Hormone from adrenal glands; also known as epinephrine
Root: adrenal- = adrenal gland
Suffix: -ine = substance
"Adrenalectomy": Surgical removal of adrenal gland
Root: adrenal- = adrenal gland
Suffix: -ectomy = removal
"Aldosterone": Hormone regulating sodium and water balance
Root: ald- = salt
Root: -sterone = steroid hormone
"Cortisol": Steroid hormone from adrenal cortex
Root: cortis- = cortex
Suffix: -ol = alcohol/steroid
"Electrolyte": Substance conducting electricity in solution
Root: electro- = electricity
Suffix: -lyte = dissolved substance
"Endocrinologist": Specialist in hormone disorders
Root: endo- = within
Root: crin- = secrete
Suffix: -ologist = specialist
"Epinephrine": Another name for adrenaline
Prefix: epi- = above
Root: nephr- = kidney
Suffix: -ine = substance
"Euthyroid": Normal thyroid function
Prefix: eu- = good, normal
Root: thyroid = thyroid gland
"Exophthalmos": Bulging of the eyes
Prefix: exo- = out
Root: ophthalm- = eye
Suffix: -os = condition
"Glycosuria": Sugar in the urine
Root: glycos- = sugar
Suffix: -uria = urine condition
"Goiter": Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Root: None
Suffix: None (from Latin guttur = throat)
"Graves’ Disease": Autoimmune hyperthyroidism
Eponym: Named after Robert Graves
"Hirsutism": Excessive body hair
Root: hirsut- = hairy
Suffix: -ism = condition
"Homeostasis": Maintaining internal balance
Prefix: homeo- = same
Suffix: -stasis = standing still
"Hormone": Chemical messenger in the body
Root: horm- = to excite/stimulate
Suffix: -one = hormone/substance
"Hypercalcemia": High calcium in the blood
Prefix: hyper- = excessive
Root: calc- = calcium
Suffix: -emia = blood condition
"Hyperglycemia": High blood sugar
Prefix: hyper- = excessive
Root: glyc- = sugar
Suffix: -emia = blood condition
"Hyperthyroidism": Excessive thyroid activity
Prefix: hyper- = excessive
Root: thyroid = thyroid gland
Suffix: -ism = condition
"Hypocalcemia": Low blood calcium
Prefix: hypo- = low
Root: calc- = calcium
Suffix: -emia = blood condition
"Hypogonadism": Decreased sex gland function
Prefix: hypo- = low
Root: gonad- = sex gland
Suffix: -ism = condition
"Hypoinsulinism": Deficiency of insulin
Prefix: hypo- = low
Root: insulin = insulin
Suffix: -ism = condition
"Hypokalemia": Low blood potassium
Prefix: hypo- = low
Root: kal- = potassium
Suffix: -emia = blood condition
"Hyponatremia": Low sodium in the blood
Prefix: hypo- = low
Root: natr- = sodium
Suffix: -emia = blood condition
"Insulin": Hormone that lowers blood glucose
Root: insul- = island (Islets of Langerhans)
Suffix: -in = substance
"Oxytocin": Hormone that stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection
Root: oxy- = quick
Root: toc- = labor
Suffix: -in = substance
"Panhypopituitarism": Deficiency of all pituitary hormones
Prefix: pan- = all
Root: hypo- = low
Root: pituitar = pituitary gland
Suffix: -ism = condition
"Parathyroid hormone": Hormone controlling calcium levels
Prefix: para- = beside
Root: thyroid = thyroid gland
Suffix: None (hormone = substance)
"Polydipsia": Excessive thirst
Prefix: poly- = many
Root: dips- = thirst
Suffix: -ia = condition
"Steroid": Lipid hormone structure
Root: ster- = solid
Suffix: -oid = resembling
"Sympathomimetic": Mimicking the sympathetic nervous system
Root: sympatho- = sympathetic
Suffix: -mimetic = mimicking
"Target tissue": Tissue affected by a hormone
Root: None
Suffix: None
"Tetany": Muscle spasms from low calcium
Root: None
Suffix: -y = condition
"Thyroid gland": Gland regulating metabolism
Prefix: thyro- = shield
Suffix: -oid = resembling
"Thyrotoxicosis": Toxic condition due to thyroid hormone excess
Root: thyro- = thyroid
Root: toxic- = poison
Suffix: -osis = condition
"Thyroxine": Main thyroid hormone
Root: thyro- = thyroid
Suffix: -xine = substance
Mod 15 – Radiology/Nuclear Medicine
"Angiogram": X-ray image of blood vessels
Root: angio- = vessel
Suffix: -gram = record/image
"Anteroposterior": Direction from front to back
Prefix: antero- = front
Suffix: -posterior = back
"Computed tomography (CT)": X-ray slices compiled by a computer
Prefix: None
Root: tom- = cut/section
Suffix: -graphy = process of recording
"Contrast Studies": Imaging using a contrast medium
Root: contrast = difference in density
Suffix: studies = procedures
"Echocardiography": Ultrasound imaging of the heart
Prefix: echo- = sound
Root: cardio- = heart
Suffix: -graphy = recording
"Fluoroscopy": Continuous X-ray imaging on a monitor
Root: fluoro- = light
Suffix: -scopy = viewing
"In vitro": Outside the living body
Latin: in = in, vitro = glass
"In vivo": Inside the living body
Latin: in = in, vivo = life
"Interventional Radiology": Imaging to guide minimally invasive procedures
Prefix: inter- = between
Root: vention = come
Suffix: -al = pertaining to
"Lateral decubitus": Lying on the side
Root: lateral = side
decubitus = lying down
"Myelography": Imaging of the spinal cord
Root: myelo- = spinal cord
Suffix: -graphy = recording process
"Nuclear Medicine": Imaging using radioactive substances
Root: nuclear = nucleus (radioactivity)
Suffix: medicine = treatment/science
"Oblique": Angled X-ray view
Root: None
Suffix: None
"Posteroanterior": Direction from back to front
Prefix: postero- = back
Suffix: anterior = front
"Pyelogram": X-ray of renal pelvis and urinary tract
Root: pyelo- = renal pelvis
Suffix: -gram = record/image
"Radiolucent": Permitting X-rays to pass through
Root: radio- = radiation
Suffix: -lucent = clear/light-passing
"Radioopaque": Blocking passage of X-rays
Root: radio- = radiation
Suffix: -opaque = not transparent
"Radioisotope": Radioactive form of an element
Root: radio- = radiation
Suffix: -isotope = same place (element type)
"Radiopharmaceutical": Radioactive drug used for imaging
Root: radio- = radiation
Root: pharmaceutical = drug
"Recumbent": Lying down
Root: recumb- = recline
Suffix: -ent = performing action
"Scintigraphy": Imaging using a radioactive tracer
Root: scinti- = spark
Suffix: -graphy = recording
"Sonogram": Image produced by ultrasound
Root: sono- = sound
Suffix: -gram = record/image
"Tracer Studies": Imaging using a radiolabeled substance
"Tomography": Imaging in slices
Root: tomo- = cut
Suffix: -graphy = recording
"Ultrasonography": Imaging with high-frequency sound waves
Prefix: ultra- = beyond
Root: sono- = sound
Suffix: -graphy = process of recording