Q6 cla

5.4

Know the terms in red from the Hebrew and Greek creation stories

Know the terms in red concerning the Greek gods.

  • {aev/ev} = age

  • {gen} = birth

  • {firm} = steady, stable

  • Edenic = relating to the Garden of Eden (Creation of a man and woman)

  • {laps} = slip, fall

  • {di} = away

  • {lu/luv/lut} = wash

  • {gon(o)} = seed/sexual

  • Chaos/chaotic = meant “an opening”, “gaping” originally, not confusion

  • {org(o),erg(o)} = work

  • Titanic = something awesome and powerful

  • Adamant = unyielding, inflexible

Know the names of the Greek gods and their Roman counterparts

(including Hades and Hestia)

  • Zeus = Jupiter 

  • Hades = Pluto (Dis) (NOT an Olympian!)

  • Poseidon = Neptune

  • Hera = Juno

  • Demeter = Ceres

  • Athena = Minerva

  • Aphrodite = Venus

  • Apollo = Apollo

  • Artemis = Diana

  • Hermes = Mercury

  • Ares = Mars

  • Dionysus = Bacchus, Liber

  • Hephaestus = Vulcan (also spelled Volcan)

  • Hestia = Vesta (no stories, usually dropped)


6.1

Know the additional allomorphs of Greek morphemes presented in the lecture.

{a/an} = without, not (atom, analgesic)

{anti/ant {not ante]/anth} = against, opposition (anticoagulant, antonym)

{epi/ep/eph} = on, upon (epidermal, eponymous)

{syn/sym} = with, same, together (synthesis, sympathy)

{ana/an} = up, back again (anabasis)

{cata/cat/cath} = down (catabasis)

{dia/di} = through, between (diameter)

{peri} = around, near (perimeter)

{ec/ex} = out (eczema, exodus)

{en/em} = in, within (empathy, endemic)

{hyper} = above, too much (hyperactive)

{hypo/hyp/hyph} = under, too little (hypothermia, hypoglycemia)

{meta} = after, among, changing (metamorphosis, metacarpal)

{palim/palin/pali} = back, again (palindrome, palinode)


{para/par} = side by side (parallel)

     = abnormal (paranormal)

     = subordinate (paralegal)

{pro} = in front of, before (progress)

{amphi} = around, both (amphitheater, amphibious)

{apo, ap, aph} = away from, without (apogee, apanthropy, aphelion)

{exo} = outside (exoskeleton)

{ba} = go (anabasis, cf. acrobat)

{drom} = run, swim (hippodrome, dromedary)

{hydro(o)} = water (hydroelectric)

{meter} = measure (thermometer)

{onym} = name, meaning (anonymous, antonym)

{path(o)} = feeling, emotion (empathy, apathy)

{scope} = look, see (periscope, telescope)

{therm(o)} = heat (thermometer)

{top(o)} = place (topographical)

{esthes/esthe/aesthet} = feeling, sensation (anesthesia, aesthetics)

{derm} = skin (epidermal)

{h(a)em(a)/aema/ema} = blood (h(a)emorrhage, anemic, hematoma)

{ly} = loosen, break (analysis)

{the} = put (thesis, synthesis)

{chron(o)} = time (chronometer)

{kine/cine} = move (cinema, kinetic)

{gen} = be born, give birth to (genesis)

{odont} = tooth (orthodontist, periodontics)


{chromat} = color (polychromatic

{phylac} = guard, protect

{heli(o)/helion} = sun

{ge/gee} = earth

{athlet} = contest, athlete

{ous} =  Adjective (vigourous)

{tic} = Adjective (lunatic)

{ic} = adjective (static)

{ia} = noun (neuralgia)

{y} = noun (serendipity)

{sis} = Noun (analysis)

{ist/st} = Agent Noun (person who does something: psychologist, ornithologist, etc)


6.2

Know the terms in red from the lecture on Hades and Halloween, including liminal and apotropaic.

  • Hades and Persephone = symbol of changing seasons and cycle of life and death

  • Cerberus = 3-headed dog that guards the entrance to the underworld

  • Charon = Figure that ferries the souls of the dead across the rivers Styx and Acheron to the underworld

  • Styx (stygian) = river in the underworld

  • Elysian Fields = Final resting place for souls

  • Sisyphus (A sisyphean task) = a task that seems to be endless and futile

  •  Tantalus (tantalize) = tease someone with a promise that’s unobtainable

  • Heracles/hercules task = extremely difficult task or requires a great deal of strength.

  • Odysseus = legendary greek king known for his intellect and cunning

  • Liminal = threshold

  • Apotropaic = Something used to ward of evil/danger


Homework 5

Be sure you can transliterate the Greek words on this assignment and pick the Greek spelling that would account for the transliterated form. They are listed here for your convenience:

Αἰθιοπία = ethiopia

ἀμνησία = amnesia

δίπλωμα = diploma

φαινόμενον = phenomenon

δαίμων = demon

Ἀμαζών = amazon

εἰκών = icon


Unit 5

Know the morphemes presented in Unit 5.

Know the words from p. 149 (including the optional words).


Know the origins and meanings of the “Words of Interesting Origin,”p. 153-154 (you should be able to identify the people whose names have given us the words and their relevant activities; you don't have to know dates and other details for these).

Thomas Bowdler : Today, the idea of BOWDLERIZING an author like Shakespeare seems absurd.

Captain C.C. Boycott : “I don’t know how much longer I can undergo this BOYCOTT by the union members,” said Mr. Grubb.

John Mcadam: In this age of superhighways and cement, our country roads are still largely MACADAM.

Samuel Maverick : When the Senator first ran for office, he ran without support from either party, and he has been a MAVERICK ever since.

J.I. Guillotin : In 1792, an instrument designed to kill criminals painlessly was introduced in France, the dreaded GUILLOTINE.

Pyrrhus : We defeated State handily, but since our quarterback and his favorite receiver were both injured in the game, we must consider it a PYRRHIC victory.

St. Valentine : When Al remembered the date, he rushed to the store and bought the first VALENTINE he saw. He should have read the message inside it; Gail never forgave him.

Ambrose Burnside : “I don’t like long hair,” said Julie, “and I don’t like a mustache, but a nice flourishing pair of SIDEBURNS really appeals to me.”

Jean Nicot : The cigarette companies try to emphasize the low amount of NICOTINE in their products. 

Sir Robert Peel : The famous British policemen are called BOBBIES in honor of their early chief.


Know the “Easily Confused Words,” p. 154-155.

Parameter: A rule or limit that controls what something is or how it can be done. When used as “a boundary or limit,” usually in plural form and often as the object of a preposition such as within or beyond or on

  • Ex. The city council will make its final decisions on the parameters of the budget, including any tax increases or cuts, by the end of April


Perimeter:

  • Ex. The perimeter(area) of a prison is ringed with high walls and watchtowers, and the entire perimeter of Australia is bounded by water.


(stare>) Stanza vs. (vertere >) Verse

Stanza : group of lines in a poem

Verse : Single line or entire poem


Statuere > Statue vs. Statute

Statue is a sculpture

Statute is a written law that governs behavior and is enacted by a legislative body. Enacted by a government, company, or other organization. 


Know the “Latin Phrases” from p. 155.

  • Terra firma = firm land

    • Today = same, but usually spoken in joy upon arriving on dry land/solid ground after rough seas or a rough flight

  • Rara avis: rare bird 

    • Today = a rare or unique person or thing

  • Anno Domini(A.D.) = in the year of the Lord

    • Today = C.E.

  • Vade mecum = come with me

    • Today = a guidebook

  • Sui generis = of one’s own kind

    • Today = unique, only example of its kind

6.3

Know the terms in red from the discussion of the Geologic Ages.

The big spans of time

From largest to smallest periods ***

  • Supereon ({super} + {eon})

  • Eon < Greek αἰών [age]

  • Era < Latin aera [fixed date]

  • Period < Greek π ερίοδος [way around= one trip around = one stage of a larger whole]

  • Epoch < Greek ἐποχή [stopping point]

  • MNEMONIC: SEEP Ep: Supereon, Eon, Era, Period, Epoch


Precambrian period = time before the cambrian period

  • No supereon after this period

The Archaean Eon (from Greek {ἀρχαι(ο)} = {archaeo}, which means old, original)

The Proterozoic Eon < Greek {προτερ(ο)} = {proter(o)} = earlier; {zo}= life: the earlier life age: the phase of earlier life ({prot(o)} =first; {proter(o)} = prior, earlier) ({proter(o)} literally means firster, that is, first of two)

Phanerozoic = only eon after the precambrian

  • < {phanero} = evident, visible, apparent

  • + {zo} =animal, life

Its Eras

  • Cenozoic < Greek {καιν(ο) = {cen(o)} = new; the era of new life.

  • Mesozoic < Greek {μεσ(ο)} = {mes(o)} = middle; the era of middle life.

  • Paleozoic < Greek {παλαι(ο)} = {pale(o)} old; the era of old life


7.2

Know the terms in red from the discussion of psychology.

{-osis} is related to {-sis} : can form nouns of action of condition

  • Used especially to denote a condition of disease, disorder, excess, or infection

{neur(o)} = nerve

{scler(o)} = hardening

nercr(o) = corspose

somat/soma/some = body

anima = breath, life-force

animus = conscious, emotional-mind

hyster = womb

Luna = moon

schizo = split

phren = mind, diaphragm


Delirium

  • {de} = away from

  • {lira} = furrow

  • {-ium} = noun suffix

Dementia

  • {de-}

  • {ment} = mind

  • {ia}

Deviant

  • {de-}

  • {via} = path, road, journey

  • {nt} = adjective ending


{press} = press, push down

  • depression ({de} = down)

  • repression

  • suppression ({sub/sup} = under)

{sess} = sit

  • session = a sitting

{ob} = against

  • obsession = a sitting against, a siege.


The id is the source of raw erotic desire in a human.

  • etymologically, it means “it” in Latin.

The ego is the sense of self that a person has.

  • etymologically, it means “I” in Latin .

The superego (= “over-I”) is the inhibitions that arise from internalizing the inhibitions represented by the father.

Mental health occurs when there is a proper relationship of id, ego, and superego.




From Worksheet/Homework 6

Know the meanings/origins of the names of the periods from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic Eras.

These are: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.

Cambrian

Ordovician 

  • 2nd period of Paleozoic era

  • Origin: From the Ordovices, an ancient tribe in North Wales, where rocks characterizing the period were found.

Silurian

  • 3rd period of Paleozoic era

  • Origin: From the Silures, an ancient tribe in southeastern Wales, where rocks characterizing the period were found.

Devonian

  • 4th period of Paleozoic era

  • Origin: From the English county of Devon, where the Old Red Sandstone formations of that age are prominent.

    • Devon origin: Devon is named after the Dumnonii, an ancient people who lived there.

Carboniferous

  • 5th period of Paleozoic era

  • Origin: Coal-bearing

    • Carboniferous bc he great coal beds of Europe were formed at this time.

Permian

  • 6th period of Paleozoic era

  • Origin: It is named after Perm, Russia, where rocks from this period are found.

Triassic

  • 1st period of Mesozoic era (period of middle life)

  • Origin: The name refers to the triad ("trias") of rock strata that characterize it.

Unit 6

Understand the concept of assimilation and be able to identify examples of it.

Assimilation

  • Ad + similar = assimilat

  • Assimilation is the process in which the final consonant of a prefix changes its form to that of the first consonant of the base to which it is being prefixed

  • Happens when prefix meets base

  • Ob + fer > offer


{ad} is a prefix that often assimilates

This symbol (>) means ‘becomes’, and this symbol (∴) means therefore

{ad} + c- > acc- ∴ ad + cede > accede

{ad} + f- > aff- ∴ ad + fluent > affluent

{ad} + g- > agg- ∴ ad + gression > aggression

Assimilation doesn’t happen when a base begins with a vowel or h

  • Adhere (not ahhere), adhesive (not ahhesive)


Know the prefixes, bases, and suffixes presented in Unit 6.

Know the words on page 190.

Prefixes

Hypo is greek, the rest is latin

{hypo} (< Greek) : too little, below, beneath (hypothermia, hypodermic)

{re} : back, backwards, again (return, rebound, resubmit)

{ab/abs} : from, ({abs} only before / t /) (abduct, but: abstain,

abstract)

{ad/ac/af/ag/al/an/ap/as/at} : toward, to, forward

{ex/e/ef} : out (exit, emotion, effect)

{in/im/il/ir} : in, into

{en/em} (< Greek) : in, into (enteric, empathy)

{di/dis/dif} : away, away from (divert, dispel, differ)

{pro} : forward (proceed)


{ex}, {e}, {ef} = out

  • exit

  • effusive

  • egress


Prefixes

{trans} = across (transport)

{ante} = before (antedate)

{inter} = between (interstate)

{pre} = before (prenatal, precursor)

{se} = away, apart (to secede from the union; e.g., Brexit from the EU)

{de} = away from, off : deduct

       = down : descend

       = wholly : denude

       = reverse the action of  : deregulate

  • Remember these

Bases

{therm} (Greek) : heat hypothermia, thermometer

{puls/pulse/pel} : push expel, repulsion

{duce/duct} : lead, take induce, deduction

{err} : wander errant, aberrant

{hes/her} : stick adhesive, adherent

{it} : go exit, itinerary

{ject} : throw eject, projector

Bibe/bib usually refers to alcohol


{fus} : pour, gush

{viscer} : intestines

{mit/miss} : send, let go

{apt} : fit, fasten

{similat} : like

{ced/cede/ceed/cess} : go, come receding, recede, proceed, process

{flu} : flow affluent (flowing to), effluent

{gress} : step, move progress, regress, aggression


{loc} : place location

{nounce} : proclaim announce, pronounce

{petit} : seek, desire appetite, petition

{sume} : take resume, petition

{mens} : table commensalit

{labor} : work

{pose/pone/posit} : put, place

{linqu} : leave

{rupt} : break

{cure} : care


ia, ion makes nouns

ive makes adjectives


{circum} : around

{con/com/col/cor/co} : together with

{dis/dif} : apart

{ob/of/op} : against, toward

{re} : back, again

{trans} = across

{sub/suf/sup} : under


{post} : after, behind (postpone)

{super} : above (supervisor, supernatural)

{extra} : without, outside (extramural sports)

{intra} : within (intramural sports)

{intro} : into, inward (introspective, introduction)

{retro} : back

{non} : not 

{in/im/il/ir} : not or in/into


{infra} = below

{per} = through

{preter} = beyond, more than

{ultra} = beyons


{fer} : carry (transfer, refer, infer)

{pose/pone/posit} : put, place (deposit, repose, opponent)

{mur} : wall (mural)

{litera} : letter (literature, literate, literacy, illiterate)

{lumin} : light (illuminate, luminous)

{ambula} : walk (ambulance, ambulatory, circumambulate)

{col} : strain (colander)


Induce = lead in

Implode = explode inside

Inflame = put fire in or on something

Inflammable = something that if you put fire on, able to catch fire quickly


Know the language of origin and the story behind the origins of the "Words of Interesting Origin" on pages 192-193.

Recidivist : The repeating of or returning to criminal behavior by the same offender or type of offender.

  • Literally means to fall back. (<re + cidere < cadere )

Influenza (= flu): An acute, highly infectious viral disease of humans, which typically occurs in seasonal (winter) outbreaks or as major epidemics or pandemics.

Jingoism : extreme nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy

Ostracize : To shun someone

  • Originally meant to exile by means of voting on potshards.


Know the “Easily Confused Words” on page 193

desert < deserere = to abandon

  • Both a noun, a ‘desert,’ and a verb, ‘to desert’

dessert < desservir = to unserve the table

  • And, thus, is an after dinner treat after the first round of food has been cleared.


innocuous < in(= not) + nocere = to harm; thus = harmless

inoculate < in(= in, onto) + oculare = to put an eye/bud in/onto something


ingenious < ingeniosus < ingenium = inborn quality, inborn nature; thus, ingenious = intelligent, clever

ingenuous < ingenuus = native born, honorably born, hence open and honest, then simple or naïve; contrast this with its antonym


Know the “Latin Phrases” on page 194.

pro forma on behalf of form;

  • today = following protocol, a mere formality

de jure = in accordance with law,

  • today = lawfully, legitimately

Contrast de jure with de facto:

  • de facto = in accordance with reality, what is actually the case.

  • “The de facto government is the military despite the fact that the Green Party is the winner and, therefore, the de jure government.”

ad hoc = for this thing;

  • today = (usually) used of a committee or meeting that is not routine. That is, the term is applied to things that are not planned but are dealt with as need arises.

  • Hence, “He was appointed leader of the ad hoc committee to deal with the sudden increase in student delinquent behavior.”

ante meridiem = before the middle of the day;

  • today = before noon = A.M.

in absentia = in absence;

  • today = a formal term to describe someone’s absence from a formal event, like graduation.