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  • Introduction: Spanish Background

    • The current course reviews the content of the second year and introduces essential vocabulary for daily life in Spanish.
    • Covers the imperfect future, past perfect, and imperfect past tenses.
    • Focuses on practical scenarios like introductions, inquiries about well-being, and food/drink vocabulary.
    • Emphasizes correct language rules for academic purposes rather than mere memorization.
    • Continues the academic approach to enhance linguistic abilities and competitiveness in the job market.
    • Begins with a general review to refresh the second-year material.
    • Main objectives: vocabulary acquisition and grammar study for practical use in the professional field.

  • Importance of Spanish

    • Spanish is the language of the Kingdom of Spain, located in southwestern Europe.
    • It is the official language of eighteen countries in South and Central America, including Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Mexico, Panama, Colombia, and El Salvador.
    • Spanish is an official language in major international organizations like the UN and FIFA.
    • Over 200 million people worldwide speak Spanish.
    • More than twenty countries use Spanish in international organizations.
    • Contains over 4,000 words derived from Arabic, making it easier for Arabic speakers to learn.
    • Spanish is derived from Latin, a key language of European civilization, with roots in Greek and Roman achievements.
    • Facilitates comparative linguistic studies and interdisciplinary research for postgraduate students.
    • It is a significant European language used in scientific research.

  • Relevance to the Job Market

    • Essential for the tourism sector due to Spain's popularity as a tourist destination, attracting over forty million tourists annually.
    • Focus on vocabulary and terminology used in tourism to align with Egypt's efforts to promote tourism.
    • Includes the study of Spanish proverbs and their translation into Arabic to enhance linguistic and cultural knowledge.
    • Covers topics central to tourism studies, such as antiquities, myths, and art related to temples and cultural life.
    • The fourth-year course specifically addresses the religious symbols of Tutankhamun's mummy and ancient Egyptian civilization.

  • Lesson 1: General Review

    • Dialogue 1:
    • Roberto asks Isabel if she had a dog at home yesterday.
    • Isabel confirms and asks Roberto if he had one too.
    • Roberto says he was buying two dogs, but his parents were buying a cat.
    • Isabel asks if they didn't like dogs.
    • Roberto replies that they liked cats very much.
    • Isabel asks who he used to take the dogs with.
    • Roberto says he usually took the dogs with his friends because they liked dogs.
    • Isabel says goodbye, and Roberto reciprocates.
    • Dialogue 2:
    • Raúl asks Sofia what she was doing last night.
    • Sofia says she was going out with her friends.
    • Raúl says he was also going out with his friends.
    • Sofia suggests they all go out together next night.
    • Raúl asks how many friends will come.
    • Sofia says three or four friends will come.
    • Raúl asks if they will come late.
    • Sofia says they will come early.
    • Raúl says goodbye until next night, and Sofia reciprocates.
    • Objective: Understanding and using the imperfect past tense, and reviewing numbers, days of the week, and months of the year.

  • Verb “ser” Conjugation

    • Irregular conjugation in both present and imperfect past tenses.
    • Present Tense:
    • Yo: soy
    • Tú: eres
    • Él/Ella/Usted: es
    • Nosotros/Nosotras: somos
    • Vosotros/Vosotras: sois
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: son
    • Imperfect Past Tense:
    • Yo: Era
    • Tú: Eras
    • Él/Ella/Usted: era
    • Nosotros/Nosotras: éramos
    • Vosotros/Vosotras: erais
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: eran

  • Example Sentences:

    • Isabel y Carlos compraban un kilo y medio de tomates. (Isabel and Carlos were buying a kilo and a half of tomatoes.)
    • Teníamos diecisiete gatos. (We had seventeen cats.)
    • Había treinta y cinco aulas. (There were thirty-five classrooms.)
    • Vosotras teníais noventa y seis primos. (You all had ninety-six cousins.)
    • Clara tenía veintidós alumnos en esta clase. (Clara had twenty-two students in this class.)
    • ¿Cuántos hermanos teníais? (How many brothers did you all have?)
    • Teníamos un hermano. (We had one brother.)
    • Tenían una hermana. (They had one sister.)
    • Luisa andaba a la facultad ayer. (Luisa was going to college yesterday.)
    • ¿Cuántas hermanas tenías? (How many sisters did you have?)
    • Mi hermano tenía dieciséis años. (My brother was sixteen years old.)
    • ¿Qué hacíais la semana anterior? (What were you doing the previous week?)
    • Tu hermana tenía veintiséis años. (Your sister was twenty-six years old.)
    • ¿Cuándo era tu cumpleaños? (When was your birthday?)
    • Ellos tenían una gata. (They had a cat.)
    • ¿Cuánto tiempo jugabas al tenis? (How long did you play tennis?)

  • Exercises with Days and Months in Imperfect Past Tense:

    • ¿Qué fecha era ayer? (What was the date yesterday?)
    • El miércoles pasado, era el veintinueve de septiembre. (Last Wednesday, it was September 29th.)
    • Ibamos a la facultad el dieciséis de abril. (We were going to college on April 16th.)
    • El viernes era el primero de febrero. (Friday was February 1st.)
    • ¿Cuándo era el cumpleaños de tu hermana? (When was your sister’s birthday?)
    • El jueves pasado era el cumpleaños de Isabel. (Last Thursday was Isabel’s birthday.)
    • El quince de enero comprábamos un coche nuevo. (On January 15th, we were buying a new car.)
    • ¿Cuándo comenzábais el curso de la lengua española? (When did you start the Spanish course?)
    • ¿Cuándo iban al examen de la lengua española? (When were they going to the Spanish exam?)
    • Al principio de abril comenzaba el mes de Ramadán. (At the beginning of April, the month of Ramadan was starting.)
    • El sábado pasado era veintitrés de marzo. (Last Saturday was March 23rd.)
    • ¿Cuándo tus hermanos comenzaban el exámen de la lengua española? (When did your brothers start their Spanish exam?)
    • El cumpleaños de mi padre era el once de julio. (My father’s birthday was July 11th.)
    • Mis hermanos venían el ocho de diciembre. (My brothers were coming on December 8th.)
    • Hacíamos una fiesta el sábado pasado. (We were having a party last Saturday.)
    • Tu amigo cumplía dieciocho años el domingo pasado. (Your friend was turning eighteen last Sunday.)
    • ¿Cuándo teníamos el exámen de la literatura griega? (When did we have the Greek literature exam?)
    • El cumpleaños de mi hermano era el primero de junio. (My brother’s birthday was June 1st.)
    • ¿Con quién salíais el lunes pasado? (Who were you going out with last Monday?)
    • Hablábamos con el professor de la lengua española la semana pasada. (We were talking with the Spanish professor last week.)
    • Mi cumpleaños era el trece de diciembre. (My birthday was December 13th.)

  • Irregular Verb “ir” (to go) Conjugation

    • Irregular conjugation in both present and imperfect past tenses.
    • Present Tense:
    • Yo: voy
    • Tú: vas
    • Él/Ella/Usted: va
    • Nosotros/Nosotras: vamos
    • Vosotros/Vosotras: vais
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: van
    • Imperfect Past Tense:
    • Yo: Iba
    • Tú: ibas
    • Él/Ella/Usted: Iba
    • Nosotros/Nosotras: ibamos
    • Vosotros/Vosotras: ibais
    • Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: iban

  • Example Sentences:

    • Ayer había un gato en el jardin. (Yesterday there was a cat in the garden.)
    • Roberto y Marcos iban a la facultad la semana pasada. (Roberto and Marcos were going to college last week.)
    • Mi hermano y yo comprábamos unos regalos durante tres horas. (My brother and I were buying some gifts for three hours.)
    • Mientras Raúl jugaba al tenis, ha venido su padre. (While Raúl was playing tennis, his father came.)
    • Abríamos la ventana durante la noche, porque hacía mucho calor. (We were opening the window during the night, because it was very hot.)
    • Isabel y Marta tenían una gata. (Isabel and Marta had a cat.)
    • Cuando ha venido el profesor de la lengua árabe, vosotros salíais de la clase. (When the Arabic professor came, you all were leaving the class.)
    • ¿Hacían los deberes cuando han venido sus amigos? (Were they doing homework when their friends came?)
    • En el supermercato he visto Mariano comprando un kilo y medio de peras. (In the supermarket, I saw Mariano buying a kilo and a half of pears.)
    • Marta y Lucía hablaban con el profesor de la lengua española. (Marta and Lucía were talking with the Spanish professor.)
    • ¿Escribías una carta para tu hermano? (Were you writing a letter to your brother?)

  • Dialogue 1:

    • Raúl asks Diana if she had a dog at home yesterday.
    • Diana confirms and asks Raúl if he had one too.
    • Raúl says he was buying two dogs, but his parents were buying a cat.
    • Diana asks if they didn’t like dogs.
    • Raúl replies that they were very fond of cats.
    • Diana asks who they were going to buy the animals with.
    • Raúl says this afternoon they were taking his friend Juan to the pet store.
    • Diana says that’s great and wishes him well.
    • Raúl says see you soon.

  • Dialogue 2:

    • ¿Qué hacías por la noche? (What were you doing at night?)
    • The goal of this dialogue is to master the use of the imperfect past tense, remember the vocabulary we have studied in the course before, and learn some new vocabulary.
    • Carlos: ¡Hola, Sofía! ¿Qué hacían tus amigas ayer por la noche? (Hello, Sofia! What were your friends doing last night?)
    • Sofía: Hola, Carlos. Ayer por la noche mis amigas iban al médico. (Hello, Carlos. Last night my friends were visiting the doctor.)
    • Carlos: ¡Qué mala noticia! ¿Qué les pasaba? (What bad news! What was happening to them?)
    • Sofía: Pues sentían mucho dolor en el estómago. (Well, they felt a lot of pain in their stomach.)
    • Carlos: Y ahora cómo están? (And how are they now?)
    • Sofía: Bueno, tomaban unos medicamentos y ahora están mucho mejor. (Well, they were taking some medicine, and now they are much better.)
    • Carlos: : Vais a venir mañana a la facultad? (Are you going to come to the faculty tomorrow?)
    • Sofía: Sí, vamos a asistir a la clase de la lengua española, porque es muy importante. (Yes, we are going to attend the Spanish class because it is very important.)
    • Carlos: Vale. ¡Hasta mañana! Sofía. (Okay. See you tomorrow! Sofia.)
    • Sofía: ¡Adiós! Carlos. (Goodbye! Carlos.)

  • Common phrases used in the imperfect past tense:

    • ¿Qué hacías esta mañana? (What were you doing this morning?)
    • Ayer mis padres viajaban por el tren. (Yesterday my parents were traveling by train.)
    • Comprábamos este coche el dieciséis de abril. (We were buying this car on April 16th.)
    • Isabel y Raúl estaban en un hotel el primero de febrero. (Isabel and Raúl were staying in a hotel on February 1st.)
    • ¿Cuándo celebrábais el cumpleaños de vuestra amiga Luisa? (When were you celebrating your friend Luisa's birthday?)
    • Celebramos una fiesta durante el fin de semana en la casa de Laura. (We celebrated a party during the weekend at Laura's house.)
    • Mi primo David compraba un coche nuevo cuando he llegado. (My cousin David was buying a new car when I arrived.)
    • ¿Cuándo comenzábais el curso de la lengua española? (When were you starting the Spanish course?)
    • ¿Cómo podías superar el exámen de la lengua española? (How could you pass the Spanish exam?)
    • Mientras guardábamos la television, han llegado mis amigas. (While we were watching television, my friends arrived.)
    • Esta mañana Hacía mucho frío, por lo tanto cerrábamos las ventanas. (This morning it was very cold, therefore we were closing the windows.)
    • ¿Cuándo escribías la carta para tu hermano? (When were you writing the letter to your brother?)
    • El coche de mi padre era muy viejo. (My father's car was very old.)
    • Ayer mis hermanos desayunaban queso, huevos y zumo de naranja. (Yesterday my brothers were having cheese, eggs, and orange juice for breakfast.)
    • Saludábamos a nuestros colegas el primer día del curso. (We were greeting our colleagues on the first day of the course.)
    • Tu amigo llegaba del viaje hace una hora. (Your friend was arriving from the trip an hour ago.)
    • ¿Qué decíais al profesor de la literatura griega hace dos horas? (What were you saying to the Greek literature professor two hours ago?)
    • La gata de mi hermano tenía dolor en el estómago. (My brother's cat had stomach pain.)
    • Pauleta no tenía mucho dinero, por lo tanto compraba un coche un poco viejo. (Pauleta didn't have much money, so she was buying a slightly old car.)
    • Luisa y Marta almorzaban carne, arroz y verduras. (Luisa and Marta were having lunch of meat, rice, and vegetables.)
    • Veían sus colegas jugando al tenis. (They were seeing their colleagues playing tennis.)
    • El profesor de la lengua española contestaba a las preguntas de los alumnos. (The Spanish teacher was answering the students' questions.)
    • ¿Qué cenábais esta noche con tus padres? (What were you having for dinner tonight with your parents?)
    • ¿Con quién iban a la tienda de animales? (Who were they going to the pet store with?)
    • Preguntábamos al profesor de la lengua española en la clase. (We were asking the Spanish teacher in the classroom.)
    • Son muy caras las manzanas que comprábais. (The apples you were buying are very expensive.)

  • Exercise: Conjugate the following verbs in the imperfect past tense:

  • Correct the following sentences:

  1. Mañana Hemos practicado natación. (Tomorrow We practiced swimming.)
  2. la semana pasada mi hermano jugado al rugby. (Last week my brother played rugby.)
  3. Ayer podemos cantar en España. (Yesterday we could sing in Spain.)
  4. Raúl y Paola jugábais en el jardín. (Raul and Paola were playing in the garden.)
  5. ¿Cómo iban tú al supermercato? (How were you going to the supermarket?)
  6. ¿Has tendo la comida que necesitas? (Did you have the food you need?)
  7. ¿Que deportes os ha gustado? (What sports did you like?)
  8. mañana ire a la playa. (tomorrow i will go to the beach.)
  9. ¿Con quién ibas Lucía y Marta a la tienda de animales? (Who were Lucia and Marta going to the pet store with?)
  10. ¿Tu amigo he tomado café? (Did your friend have coffee?)
  11. Mi hermano ibas a la facultad. (My brother went to college.)
  12. Sofía solían ir a la tienda de animales. (Sofia used to go to the pet store.)
  • Translate the following sentences into Arabic:
  1. Mientras comprábamos una casa nueva, ha venido mi hermano. (While we were buying a new house, my brother came.)
  2. Tu amigo cumplirá dieciocho años el próximo jueves. (Your friend will turn eighteen next Thursday.)
  3. ¿Cuándo será el cumpleaños de tu hermana? (When will be your sister's birthday?)
  4. Marta hablará con el profesor de la lengua española mañana. (Marta will talk to the Spanish professor tomorrow.)
  5. Cuando hemos vivido en la ciudad, sabíamos que el campo era aburrido. (When we lived in the city, we knew that the countryside was boring.)
  6. Mis hermanos no jugarán al fútbol en la clase. (My brothers will not play football in the class.)
  7. ¿Cuándo tendremos el exámen de la literature griega? (When will we have the Greek literature exam?)
  8. ¿Cuándo irán al exámen de la lengua española? (When will they go to the Spanish exam?)
  9. Me han gustado mucho los deportes porque son animados. (I liked the sports very much because they are lively.)
  10. Ayer era el cumpleaños de Isabel. (Yesterday was Isabel's birthday.)
  11. Laura tenía que ir al trabajo porque era muy importante. (Laura had to go to work because it was very important.)
  12. ¿Cuándo comenzaréis el curso de la lengua española? (When will you start the Spanish course?)
  13. Mis hermanas no tendrán deberes pasado mañana. (My sisters will not have homework the day after tomorrow.)
  14. ¿Cuántos años tenían los gemelos Isabel y José? (How old were the twins Isabel and José?)
  15. ¿Con quién saldréis el próximo domingo? (Who will you go out with next Sunday?)
  16. Marcos y Marta no jugarán al fútbol el mes que viene. (Marcos and Marta will not play football next month.)
  17. ¿Con quién saldréis el próximo domingo? (Who will you go out with next Sunday?)
  18. Hacíamos una fiesta para el cumpleaños de mi hermano Nino. (We were having a party for my brother Nino's birthday.)
  19. Paolo venía del trabajo muy cansado. (Paolo was coming from work very tired.)
  20. escribíamos una carta para mi hermano, cuando ha llegado mi novia. (we were writing a letter to my brother, when my girlfriend arrived.)

  • Translate the following sentences into Spanish:

  • We didn't have plentiful of money, therefore we used to buy a small house in the countryside.

  • While Isabel was having Diner, her father arrived.

  • They used to encourage their team when their neighbors arrived.

  • The Spanish language was easy for students.

  • What did they used to have for lunch with their family?

  • Did you use to go to see football matches?

  • The cat was feeling severe stomach pain.

  • Laura was watching TV when her mother arrived.

  • Were you celebrating your girlfriend birthday yesterday?

  • The Spanish profesor used to answer the student questions.

  • Due to the importance of studying the Spanish language in the field of the labor market, especially in the field of tourism, we must remember the names of some countries and the terms indicating directions, as well as apply the use of the different tenses that the student studied as follows:

  • First: Names of some places and countries:

  • Secondly: Terms to express geographical directions:

Exercises: Read the following sentences with high voice and study the translation well, provided that the teacher of the subject repeatedly corrects.

  • Isabel y Luisa vivían en El Cairo, la capital de Egipto.

  • Vivíais en el norte de África.

  • Mis amigos estaban en el suroeste de México.

  • Juan iba al sur de España.

  • Mientras Paola y Carlos iban a España, sus amigos han llegado a Alemania.

  • Josefina viajará a Inglaterra.

  • Mi novia y yo tomábamos el almuerzo en el norte de Australia.

  • Clara y su amiga iban a Lúxor en el sur de Egipto.

  • David y Marta vivían en un piso en El Cairo.

  • Cuando hemos desayunado en un restaurante en el norte de Italia, llegaban nuestros amigos al aeropuerto.

  • Paola y Sofía podían vivir en una habitación individual en Barcelona.

  • Los turistas de todo el mundo solían ir a Las Pirámides.

  • Lesson 2: Preterite Indefinido (Past Indefinite)

    • 1- The Preterite Indefinido tense of a verb is formed from the root of the verb in the present tense plus endings indicating the Preterite Indefinido tense.
    • 2- There are special endings for verbs in the first group, and special endings for verbs in both the second and third groups.
    • 3- The Preterite Indefinido expresses an event that has been completed and finished, and may have occurred a long or short time ago (it is equivalent to the aorist simple past tense in ancient Greek). An example of this:
      "I had orange juice."
      Yo tomé un zumo de naranjas
    • 4- We emphasize that the Preterite Indefinido refers to an event and not to time in the usual sense, however, we can remember the existence of words and expressions that indicate the use of the verb in the past tense, most of which are explained in the following table:

  • The conjugation of verbs in the past indefinite tense in the three groups is as follows:

  • Dialogue 1:

    • Roberto: ¡Hola, Isabel! ¿Tuviste un perro en tu casa ayer?
      Roberto: Hello, Isabel! Did you get a dog in the house yesterday?
    • Isabel: Buenos días. Sí, tuve uno. ¿ Y tú?
      : Isabel Good morning. Yes. I got one. And you?
    • Roberto: Compré dos perros. Sin embargo, mis padres compraron un gato.
      Roberto: I bought two dogs. However, my parents bought a cat.
    • Isabel: ¿No les gustaron los perros?
      Isabel: Didn't they like the dogs?
    • Roberto: Pues, les encantaron los gatos.
      Roberto: Well, they loved cats.
    • Isabel: ¿Con quién acompañaste los perros?
      Isabel Who did you accompany the dogs with?
    • Roberto: Acompañé los perros con mis amigos porque les gustaron los perros.
      Roberto Accompanied the dogs with my friends because they liked dogs.
    • Isabel: Sí. ¡Hasta la vista, Roberto!
      Isabel: Yes. Goodbye, Roberto!
    • Roberto: ¡Hasta pronto!
      Roberto: See you soon!

  • Dialogue 2
    ¿Qué hiciste la noche pasada ? What did you do last night?

  • The objective of this lesson is to learn how to use the past indefinite tense, and also to review numbers, days of the week and months of the year.

    • Raúl: ¡Hola, Sofia! ¿Qué hiciste la noche pasada?
      Raul: Hello, Sophia. What did you do last night?
    • Sofía: Hola, Raúl. La noche pasada salí con mis amigas.
      Sophia Hello, Raul. Last night I went out with my friends.
    • Raúl: Muy bien. El domingo por la noche mis amigos y yo fuimos al cine.
      Raul: Very good. On Sunday evening my friends and I went to the cinema.
    • Sofía: ¡Fantástico! Pues, Podremos salir todos juntos en el mes de junio.
      Sophia: Fantastic! So, we will be able to go out together in June.
    • Raúl: Fenomenal. ¿Qué te parece el jueves que viene?
      Raul: Great. What do you think about next Thursday?
    • Sofia: Muy bien, también vendrán tres o cuatro amigas. Sophia: Very good, three or four friends will also come.
    • Raúl: ¿Vendréis tarde?

  • Note that the verb ser to be conjugation in the present tense is irregular, and likewise in the past indefinite tense it has an irregular conjugation

  • Examples

    • Isabel y Carlos compraron un kilo y medio de tomates.

Isabel and Carlos bought a kilo and a half of tomatoes.
Tuvimos un coche nuevo. We got a new car.

  • Hubo treinta y cinco aulas. There were thirty-five classrooms. Vosotras tuvisteis que ir andando. You had to walk.

  • Clara y Laura tuvieron que ir a la clase de español. Clara and Laura had to go to the Spanish class. ¿Cuándo tuviste un dolor de cabeza?

  • When did you have a headache? * Tuvimos un niño. * We had a child. They had to go to the hospital. Luisa went to college yesterday.

  • ¿Qué notas sacaron Maria y Isabel en el exámen de español?
    What grades did Maria and Isabel get in the Spanish exam?
    Habiba sacó buenas notas en la literatura helenística.

    • Note: We note the non-standard conjugation of the verb ir = to go in the past indefinite in the indicative form, as it is not standard in the present tense in the indicative form, and we note that it is identical to the conjugation of the verb to be as follows:

    - Exercises to remember the use of food and drink names in the past indefinite tense in the indicative form