AP Lit 5&6

5. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE 

1. Apostrophe
   Denotation: A figure of speech in which the speaker addresses someone absent, dead, or a non-human entity.
   Example: "O Death, where is thy sting?"

2. Conceit
   Denotation: An extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem.
   Example: John Donne’s The Flea, comparing a flea bite to the intimacy between lovers.

3. Hyperbole
   Denotation: Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
   Example: "I’m so hungry I could eat a horse."

4. Imagery
   Denotation: Visually descriptive or figurative language.
   Example: "The golden sunlight poured over the hills."

5. Metonymy
   Denotation: A figure of speech in which a thing is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it.
   Example: "The White House issued a statement," referring to the U.S. President or administration.

6. Symbol
   Denotation: A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.
   Example: The green light in The Great Gatsby symbolizes hope.

7. Synecdoche
   Denotation: A figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa.
   Example: "All hands on deck," where "hands" refers to sailors.

8. Synesthesia
   Denotation: A rhetorical device where one sense is described in terms of another.
   Example: "The colors sounded like a symphony."

6. POETRY

1. Assonance
   Denotation: The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.
   Example: "The early bird catches the worm."

2. Ballad
   Denotation: A poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas, traditionally passed down orally.
   Example: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

3. Blank Verse
   Denotation: Unrhymed iambic pentameter.
   Example: Most of Shakespeare’s plays are written in blank verse.

4. Consonance
   Denotation: The repetition of consonant sounds, typically at the end of words.
   Example: "The lumpy, bumpy road."

5. Heroic Couplet
   Denotation: A pair of rhymed lines in iambic pentameter.
   Example: "True wit is nature to advantage dressed; / What oft was thought, but ne'er so well expressed."

6. Iamb
   Denotation: A metrical foot consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable.
   Example: "To be" (unstressed, stressed).

7. Iambic Pentameter
   Denotation: A line of verse with five iambic feet.
   Example: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"

8. Elegy
   Denotation: A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.
   Example: Lycidas by John Milton.

9. Enjambment
   Denotation: The continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.
   Example: "I think I had never seen / A verse as beautiful as a tree."

10. Epic Poetry
    Denotation: A long narrative poem, often detailing heroic deeds or events significant to a culture or nation.
    Example: The Odyssey by Homer.

11. Free Verse
    Denotation: Poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.
    Example: Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass.

12. Lyric Poetry
    Denotation: A type of emotional, song-like poetry.
    Example: The sonnets of Shakespeare.

13. Ode
    Denotation: A type of lyrical stanza that praises something or someone.
    Example: Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats.

14. Slant Rhyme
    Denotation: A rhyme in which the stressed syllables of ending consonants match, but the preceding vowel sounds do not.
    Example: "Eyes" and "light."

15. Terza Rima
    Denotation: A rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme.
    Example: Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri.

16. Villanelle
    Denotation: A 19-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain.
    Example: Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night by Dylan Thomas.