Personality

  1. Broaden/Build Theory of Emotion – Positive emotions are beneficial for creativity and social connections.

  2. Display Rules – Cultural guidelines that dictate how and when to show emotions.

  3. James-Lange Theory of Emotion – Emotions result from physiological reactions to events (e.g., shaking, sweating → fear).

  4. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion – Emotional responses and physiological reactions happen at the same time.

  5. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory – Emotions are caused by both a physiological reaction and cognitive interpretation.

  6. Electrical/Emotional Expression – Events or situations that trigger emotional reactions.

  7. Positive – Receiving a compliment makes you

  1. Negative – Failing a test makes you sad.

  2. Situational – Scary movies make you feel Openness to Experience – Willingness to try new things.

  3. Conscientiousness – Organization, responsibility, and dependability.

  4. Extraversion – How much excitement you seek from others.

  5. Agreeableness – Being compassionate, cooperative, and friendly

  6. Neuroticism – Experiencing negative emotions and how they are controlled (emotional stability).

  7. Denial – Denying that anything bad, negative, or positive is happening.

  8. Rationalization – Making excuses for behavior or outcomes.

  9. Repression – Subconsciously forgetting something.

  10. Projection – Placing your own behavior on someone else.

  11. Reaction Formation – Doing the opposite of how you feel.

  12. Displacement – Taking out anger on someone else.

  13. Sublimation – Turning something negative into a positive action (e.g., Taylor Swift writing a breakup song).

  14. Regression – Reverting to childish behavior.

  15. Psychoanalytic Perspective – The idea that unconscious desires and childhood experiences shape behavior and personality.

  16. Psychodynamic Perspective – Focuses on how early experiences and unconscious drives influence behavior.

  17. Preconscious Mind – Thoughts or memories not currently in awareness but accessible.

  18. .Conscious Mind – Awareness of thoughts and memories.

  19. Id – Animal instincts; seeking immediate pleasure without considering consequences.

  20. Ego – Balances the Id and Superego; relies on logic and problem-solving.

  21. Superego – Moral compass; holds internalized rules and expectations.

  22. Humanistic Perspective – Emphasizes personal growth and self-fulfillment.

  23. Unconditional Positive Regard – Acceptance and support of a person regardless of behavior.

  24. Self-Actualization Tendency – Striving to reach one’s fullest potential.

  25. Social-Cognitive Theory – Personality is shaped by interactions with the environment, observation, and imitation.

  26. Reciprocal Determinism – The environment, personal factors, and behavior all influence each other in shaping personality.

  27. Self-Efficacy – A person’s belief in their ability to complete challenges.

  28. Self-Esteem – A person’s overall self-worth or value.

  29. Self-Concept – Collection of beliefs, perceptions, and feelings about oneself (identity, values, roles).

  30. Trait Theories of Personality – Patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that define an individual (OCEAN).

  31. Personal Inventories – Self-assessment tools that help individuals reflect on traits, values, strengths, and weaknesses.

  32. Factor Analysis – Grouping different traits into broad categories.

  33. Projective Test – Psychological tests that reveal hidden emotions and thoughts (e.g., inkblot test).