Body Terminology and Movement

Overview of Body Terminology and Movement

  • Introduction to the body terminology and its significance in understanding human anatomy.
    • Importance of using specific terms to describe body parts and movements.
    • Focus area: shoulder joint and shoulder girdle, including scapular, acromial, and axillary regions.

Planes of Movement

  • Introduction to planes of movement and their relevance to body mechanics.
    • All joints produce movement within designated planes.
    • Description of the three primary planes of movement:
    • Sagittal Plane
      • Divides the body into right and left halves.
      • Example: Movement in the sagittal plane includes actions such as flexion and extension.
    • Frontal Plane
      • Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior).
      • Example: Movements like abduction and adduction occur here.
    • Transverse Plane
      • Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.
      • Example: Rotational movements happen within this plane.

Directional Terminology

  • Importance of directional terminology in healthcare and anatomy.
    • Superior and Inferior:
    • Superior: Closer to the head.
    • Inferior: Closer to the feet.
    • Cranial and Caudal:
    • Used specifically for structures on the trunk.
    • Cranial: Closer to the head.
    • Caudal: Closer to the pelvic region.
    • Examples:
    • Shoulder is superior to the knee; the knee is inferior to the shoulder.

Additional Directional Terms

  • Anterior and Posterior:
    • Anterior: The front of the body.
    • Posterior: The back of the body.
  • Medial and Lateral:
    • Medial: Closer to the midline of the body.
    • Lateral: Further away from the midline.
  • Superficial and Deep:
    • Superficial: Closer to the surface of the body.
    • Example: The deltoid muscle is superficial compared to the rotator cuff.
    • Deep: Further from the body surface.
  • Proximal and Distal:
    • Proximal: Closer to the trunk of the body.
    • Distal: Further from the trunk.

Movements of the Body

  • Overview of different movements categorized by plane:
    • Flexion and Extension:
    • Occurs in the sagittal plane.
    • Flexion: Decrease in joint angle.
    • Extension: Return from flexion (straightening of the joint).
    • Abduction and Adduction:
    • Occurs in the frontal plane.
    • Abduction: Movement away from midline.
    • Adduction: Movement towards midline.
    • Medial and Lateral Rotation:
    • Occurs in the transverse plane.
    • Medial (Internal) Rotation: Rotates towards the body.
    • Lateral (External) Rotation: Rotates away from the body.

Unique Movements

  • Circumduction:
    • A circular movement combining various movements.
    • Examples include shoulder and wrist circumduction.
  • Lateral Flexion:
    • Only occurs in the spine, inclining to one side.
  • Elevation and Depression:
    • Elevation: Raising a body part (e.g., elevation of scapula).
    • Depression: Lowering a body part (e.g., depression of the mandible).
  • Supination and Pronation:
    • Supination: Turning the palm up (forearm movement).
    • Pronation: Turning the palm down.
  • Inversion and Eversion:
    • Inversion: Turning the foot inward.
    • Eversion: Turning the foot outward.
  • Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion:
    • Dorsiflexion: Raising the toes toward the face.
    • Plantar Flexion: Pushing the toes down.
  • Protraction and Retraction:
    • Protraction: Moving a body part forward (e.g., jutting the jaw).
    • Retraction: Pulling a body part back.
  • Opposition:
    • Movement where the thumb touches the fingers, allowing for greater dexterity.

Conclusion and Humor

  • Importance of understanding anatomical movements in a clinical setting.
  • Simple humorous reference to a pop culture event to conclude the discussion, showcasing the relevance of opposable thumbs and their functional importance.