2A: Alkaline Earth Metals

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Valence: +2

Beryllium (Be)

Most toxic metal (never employed in medicine)

(+) Fluorescent lamp

Magnesium (Mg)

Lightest of structurally important metals

(+) Chlorophyll (photosynthesis), flares

(+) Grignard Reagent (RMgX ± Alkyl Mg Halide; Alcohol

synthesis)

Sources: they come in the form of double salts

Mg silicates: talc, asbestos

Mg carbonates: magnesite, dolomite (Ca + Mg)

Mg sulfate: Kieserite

Use: MICO

Natural Ca channel blocker (Ax: Ca gluconate)

Laxative/ Cathartic ± Magtatae

Depressant

Calcium (Ca)

(+) Bones, teeth (98-

ĺ+\GUR[\DSDWLWH

Sources:

Apatite: CaF2 &D3(PO4)2

Fluorite: CaF2 ± white ppt.

Phosphate rock: Ca3(PO4)2

Dolomite: MgCO3 &D&23

Gypsum: CaSO4

Use: Muscle contractant, Blood coagulation factor

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5HOHDVHRI17

1RUHSLQHSKULQH

1. Calcination

CaCO3 KHDWĺ&D2

OLPH

2. Slaking ± controlled by addition of water

CaO + H22ĺ&D

2 (Slaked lime)

Lime water ± Saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 in water

3. Carbonation

CaO + CO2 ĺ&D&2

Strontium (Sr)

(+) Flare manufacture (Crimson red)

Radioactive Sr: bone scanner

Barium (Ba)

Heavy

Radium (Ra)

Discoverer: Marie Curie (1st discovery: Po)

5DGLRDFWLYHĺ&$UDGLRWKHUapy, diagnostic purposes

2B: Volatile Metals

Metals have relatively low melting point

Exhibits auto complexation

Zn+2, Cd+2, Hg,+1, +2 3=L-Cad-0HU ́

Zinc (Zn)

(+) Insulin (DM), battery & dry cell container

Galvanized iron protective coating

Use is similar to Aluminum (Al)

Cadmium (Cd)

(+) Stink bomb manufacture

High affinity for metallothioproteins (stress proteins)

Mercury (Hg)

Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver, Messenger of Gods, Asoge

2 forms:

Mercurous (Hg2

2+) ± less toxic (more difficult to absorb

Mercuric (Hg2+)

Toxic forms: Hg2+ > Hg2

2+ ; Org. Hg > Inorg. Hg

Only liquid metal

(+) Thermometers, amalgams (dental cement)

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$HWKURS¶s mineral), -HgS

Use: protein precipitant (heavy metal), Antiseptic, anti-

syphilitic, parasiticide, fungicide, cathartic, diuretic (useful for

cardiac edema)

* To remove Hg that fells into cracks, cover with sulfur!