13 Colonies

==New England==

==Middle colonies==

==Southern colonies==

England, France, and Spain are in a race/competition for oversea land/territories otherwise known as colonies.

==The purpose of owning a colony is to gain profit. Crop products are developed and sent back to the owner of the land. This is how they gain money.==

England wins the race against France and Spain but England did not how to make colonies work. England's first-ever colony was named ==Roanoke (the lost colony)==. Historians do not know what happened to the lost colony. England comes up with a method called a Joint-==Stock-Company (a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders)== helps them become a major player in the colonization game.

England's First ever successful colony is named ==Virginia (named after the virgin queen) and was founded in 1607==. Virginia is rich in tobacco and was planted on plantations (a large land of acres). The man who came up with the idea of planting and using the land for tobacco was John Rolfe. This cash crop was Englands magic formula.

The labor force originally was made up of Native Americans but soon was changed over the years due to them being able to simply walk away and hide. People who wanted to go to America but did not have the money to go would often have a trip for them paid by another wealthy person. To repay the free voyage, the person whose trip was bought would need to work for the wealthy person for 4-7 years, these people were called indentured servants. ==In 1619, was the first arrival of the Africans. Africans were put on a voyage called the middle passage.==

In order to enslave other Africans, they would often have Africans enslave their own race, they would be packed into a spoon when aborning these vessels (a large ship), and if sick or had a disease they were often overthrown into the water in order to not get any other Europeans sick. This was an example of an African holocaust. Africans were sold in America and used as a labor force and sold to plantation owners (people who own land). Slaves would don’t Home to be used as a labor force up until 1865, people who had owned many slaves became wealthy and a part of the Aristocracy class.

The first ever people who came to America knew that they needed a government. Virginia had already formed a government called ==the House of Burgesses==. Only white men with a specific amount of land were able to be elected to join. ==burgess (a land owner)==

Cash Corps (used for its price rather than its value) such as ==Tobacco, corn, indigo, cotton, sugar, timber, ship Building, and whaling, sugar, grain, and wheat flour== were early industries and businesses. Without these Crash Corps America would not be America it is today.

Industries were created from slaves. All 13 colonies had a form of slavery. Landowners did not want to lose slaves because it would affect their Economics greatly. If a slave ever tried and escape or run away, they would be beaten to the point of death, these slaves did not own any human rights or Legal Rights and were seen as property. Slaves were usually sold for around 500 dollars.

==Both Pilgrims and Puritans left for religious freedom. The Pilgrims set in Massachusetts while the Puritans landed in Massachusetts bay==. Both groups created a city and a form of government. ==The pilgrims nominated John Winthrop while the Puritans nominated William Bradford.==

Protestantism comes from the 95 theses. This 95 thesis was created by Martin Luther when he protested and nailed the thesis to a church door. Both pilgrims and puritans fall under the Protestant religion.

==To be protection for Catholics Maryland was founded by Baron Baltimore and George Calvert Maryland was accepting of all religions and did not turn them down.== \n

Henry the VII marries 20-year-old Anne Boleyn. They both have a daughter named Elizabeth (Elizabeth the first). Because Anne did not have a son, Henry has her beheaded and soon marries Catherine Howard who he also murders after Catherine for giving him a daughter and not a son. Henry continues to get married to Catherin Parr, Anne of Cleaves, and Jane Seymour. After Henry married Jane Seymor, he had a son who soon died after. Because Henry's son, Edward, was born ill he does not live for long, and Mary 1 rules. Because Mary was a strong protestant, she begins to kill people who weren’t protestant thus giving her the nickname ==“Bloody Marry”==. After the death of Mary 1, Elizabeth the 1 rules for 45 years and is the most successful queen. ==Elizabeth the 1 was the last Tudor monarch because she did not have any children her cousins take over the thrown==.

Philp the II wants to marry Elizabeth the 1 in order to expand Spain but Elizabeth does not approve due to her wanting to protect England’s security.

Sea dogs were people whose job was to sail around and collect riches and pieces.

In 1588, the Spanish armada was a war between the Spanish and England. Even though the Spanish had more ships than England, England came out victorious due to the wind blowing the Spanish ships northwards.

1066 = The battle of Hastings

==Roger Willams finds Rhoee Island in 1636. Thomas hooker finds Connecticut in 1638 as well.==

==Rice was a crash crop that was ground under the water in South Carolina. The south began to make its money from plantations and agriculture but was the most economically slow with the expectations of Florida, Texas, and New Orleans==

John Calvin was known for his influence on Christianity. He believed God chooses people to be sent to heaven based on his power/authority or grace. He was also the leader of the Protestant Reformation. He helped popularize the belief in the power/authority of God, as well as God, has already permanently chosen who he plans on saving. This belief began to be known as Calvinism.

Puritans were firm believers in the religion Calvinists or were followers of John Calvin. Calvin would teach his followers that God was powerful and a strong monarch. He would also tell his followers that humans were wicked sinners and that god has already chosen a few people for salvation. These people that god chose for salvation were known as the elect. He would tell his followers that humanity was sentenced to doom.

The pilgrims landed in Plymouth Massachusetts.

The founder of Georgia is James Edward Oglethorpe

In 1620, Puritans other while known as Calvinists (in England) migrated to the Plymouth colony.

\n When Henry wanted to official marry Catherine of Aragon and then Anne Boleyn, the Pope would not agree to let him do, so Henry took away land and wealth from the Catholic Church in England and stated that it would now be known as the Church of England/ Anglican Church, with himself in charge. Henry then had an official arrange his divorce. The Anglican Church was very much a Protestant Church but still continued to have its structure and rituals remain the same as the Catholic Church even though it had replaced it. Because of this, Calvinists saw the need to purify the church, and this is why they wanted to reflect the beliefs of John Calvin

Queen Elizabeth wanted to restore the Anglican Church to a Catholic Church. Some Calvinists did not agree with this and left to holland and then Plymouth Massachusetts.

During the protestant reformation, John Calvin was a reformer in Geneva. not only this but he was also a french theologian and pastor.

Georgia was founded as a buffer colony to protect other British Colonies. The founder of this colony was James Edward Oglethorpe. Spain and British were in competition, Spain did not like how the British were close to Spain. Georgia along with Florida. Georiga would be the last buffer colony.

Pennsylvania is known as the quaker colony and is a middle colony (the bread colony) of oats, wheat, etc (this is what the middle colonies were known for). William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania was a quaker. The name Quakers originated from feeling the holy spirit their body would quake (go up and done) hence, giving them the name quaker.

==“Restoration Colony” otherwise known as South Carolina==

The founder of New Hampshire was Captain John Mason.

In all 13 colonies, religion was an important factor, so much so that families would gather around in order to read the bible. As a result of the great awakening, this was the time period during colonial history where religion spread throughout all colonies. The goal of this was to awaken the Christian faith and restore religion to the people.

People would deliver things called ==Pascal== in order to bring about fear, if you did not accept religion you run the risk of hell. “Sinner in the hands of an angry god” (Johnathan Edwards) - (1730 - 1740).

The Great Awakening made more of a literal society, and with these public schools came about. The first public school was in ==Massachusetts.== The middle colonies and the New England colonies joined together in order to form the North.

Roger Williams broke away from the puritans and Massachusetts bay in order to practice free religion. Thus, founded Rhoe island. Along with Anne Hutchinson.

Salem witch trials - women/men who were accused of practicing witchcraft (doing something other than the normal). Puritans would claim that they were religious but did not believe in other religions.

New Jersey and New York are middle colonies also known as Dutch colonies, what separates them is a bridge. New York City, Delaware, Boston, and Chicago were known as Urban Centers.

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