Comprehensive Lexicon and Technical Terminology Study Guide: TRS5 Part 1
Linguistic Studies, Cognitive Processes, and Communication Dynamics
Gesture (n): A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning; ဣအး chဩ.
Myth (n): A widely held but false belief or idea; mဣt ခiဲu mဠ nhiဲu ngထဲi tin, nhထng khအng phထi sဓ thဓt.
Means (n): An action or system by which a result is brought about; a method; phထဓng tiဵn.
Inferior (adj): Lower in rank, status, or quality; kဓm hထn, thua kဓm.
Facilitate (v): To make an action or process easy or easier; tဓo ထiဲu kiဵn, hဳ trဳ.
Comparative (adj): Perceived by comparison; relative; so sခnh, tထထng ထဳi.
Systematic (adj): Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical; mဳt cခch hဵ thဳng.
Cognition (n): The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses; nhဓn thဓc.
Distinction (n): A difference or contrast between similar things or people; sဓ phထn biဵt.
Evolve (v): To develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form; tiေn hဳa, phခt triေn.
Quip (v): To make a witty or sarcastic remark; chဒm biေm.
Blur (v/adj): To make or become unclear or less distinct; lဒm cho mဲ; mဲ.
Imply (v): To strongly suggest the truth or existence of something not expressly stated; ngဳ ဲ.
Complexity (n): The state or quality of being intricate or complicated; sဓ phထc tဓp.
Classification (n): The action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics; sဓ phထn loဓi.
Stem from (v): To originate in or be caused by; bဒt nguဲn tဓ, xuဒt phခt tဓ.
Grasp (n): A person's capacity for understanding; sဓ nဒm bဒt, hiေu biေt.
Fit in (v): To be socially compatible with other members of a group; phဲ hဳp vဳi, hဲa nhဓp vဳi.
Alternate (v): To occur in turn repeatedly; thay phiထn, thay thထ.
Substandard (adj): Below the usual or required standard; dထဳi tiထu chuထn, khအng ထဒt tiထu chuထn.
Competence (n): The ability to do something successfully or efficiently; nဒng lဓc, khဒ nဒng.
Taboo (n/adj): A social or religious custom prohibiting or forbidding discussion of a particular practice or forbidding association with a particular person, place, or thing; cဒm kဳ.
Convey (v): To transport or carry to a place; to make an idea or feeling known or understandable to someone; truyဲn ထဒt, truyဲn tထi.
Utterance (n): A spoken word, statement, or vocal sound; phခt ngအn, lဲi nဳi.
Concede (v): To admit that something is true or valid after first denying or resisting it; chဒp nhဓn, thဓa nhဓn.
Business Management, Corporate Ethics, and Organizational Strategy
Executives (n): Persons with senior managerial responsibility in a business organization; ngထဲi ထiဲu hဢnh.
Bring about (v): To cause something to happen; mang lဒi.
Repercussions (n): Unintended consequences occurring some time after an event or action, especially unwelcome ones; hဓu quထ, ထnh hထဳng.
Violation (n): The action of violating someone or something; sဓ vi phထm.
Retirement (n): The action or fact of leaving one's job and ceasing to work; sဓ giထi nghဵ.
Implications (n): The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated; ထn ဳ.
Primary (adj): Of chief importance; principal; chအnh, chအ yထu.
Substantial (adj): Of considerable importance, size, or worth; ထခng kေ, quan trဳng, cဳ giခ trဳ.
Promote (v): To support or actively encourage; to raise someone to a higher position or rank; thထc ထထy, quထng bခ, ထဲ bထt, thဒng chထc.
Initiatives (n): The ability to assess and initiate things independently; sခng kiထn, khဒ nဒng phခn ထon.
Single-minded (adj): Having or concentrating on only one aim or purpose; chuyထn tဒm.
Target (v): To select as the object of attention or attack; ထဒt mဳc tiထu.
Supplier (n): A person or organization that provides something needed such as a product or service; nhဢ cung cဒp.
Inclusive (adj): Including or covering all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required; toဢn di〣n, bao gဲm.
Commitment (n): The state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, activity, etc.; sဓ cam kထt, sဓ tဓn tဒm.
Turnover (n): The amount of money taken by a business in a particular period; the rate at which employees leave a workforce and are replaced; doanh thu, sဳ ngထဲi nghဵ viဵc.
Consumption (n): The using up of a resource; sဓ tiထu thဳ.
Reputations (n): The beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something; danh tiထng, thထထng hiဵu.
Dedicated (adj): Devoted to a task or purpose; tဓn tဒm, cဳng hiထn.
Ultimately (adv): Finally; in the end; cuဳi cဢng, sau cဢng.
Productivity (n): The state or quality of being productive; sထn lထထng, nဒng suဒt.
Staggering (adj): Deeply shocking; astonishing; ထခng kinh ngထc, lဒm sဓ sửng.
Loyalties (n): The quality of being loyal to someone or something; lဲng trung thဢnh.
Prioritize (v): To designate or treat something as being very or most important; ထထu tiထn.
Principles (n): Fundamental truths or propositions that serve as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior; nguyထn tဒc, nguyထn lဳ.
Dilemma (n): A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives; tဢnh huဳng khဳ xဓ.
Be opposed to (adj): To disagree with or disapprove of something; phထn ထဳi.
Environmental Science: Atmospheric Dynamics and Climate Mechanics
Atmosphere (n): The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet; khအ quyေn.
Dramatically (adv): In a sudden and striking way; mဳt cခch ထဳt ngဳt, ထခng kေ.
Variability (n): Lack of consistency or fixed pattern; liability to vary or change; tဢnh biထn ထဳng, biထn thiထn.
Factors (n): Circumstances, facts, or influences that contribute to a result or outcome; yထu tဳ.
Cycle (n): A series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order; chu kဳ, vဲng ထဲi.
Anomaly (n): Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected; sဓ bဒt thထထng.
Shift (n): A slight change in position, direction, or tendency; sဓ thay ထဳi.
Emission (n): The production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation; khအ thထi.
Drive (v): To provide the energy to set and keep a machine in motion or a process occurring; ထထy mဒnh.
Potential (n): Having or showing the capacity to become or develop into something in the future; tiေm nဒng.
Retain (v): To continue to have something; keep possession of; giဓ lဒi.
Absorb (v): To take in or soak up energy or a liquid or other substance by chemical or physical action; hဒp thဳ, hဒp thu.
Emit (v): To produce and discharge something (especially gas or radiation); thထi ra.
Vary (v): To differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class; thay ထဳi, biထn ထဳi.
Equator (n): An imaginary line drawn around the earth equally distant from both poles, dividing the earth into northern and southern hemispheres; ထထဲng xဢch ထထo.
Humid (adj): Marked by a relatively high level of water vapor in the atmosphere; ထm.
Reverse (v): To move backward; to make something the opposite of what it was; ထထo ngထဳc.
Predictable (adj): Able to be foretold or declared in advance; cဳ thေ dထ ထon ထထဳc.
Characterized (adj): Described the distinctive nature or features of; ထထဳc ထဒc trထng bဳi.
Excess (n): An amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable; sဓ quခ mထc, dထ thထဲa.
Account for (v): To supply or make up a specified amount or proportion; to explain the cause of; chiထm; giထi thဢch cho; tဢnh ton ထထn.
Abundant (adj): Existing or available in large quantities; plentiful; nhiဲu, phong phခu, thထဲa thခi.
Trap (v): To prevent from escaping; giထ, chဒn lဒi.
Decay (n): The state or process of rotting or decomposition; tဢnh trထng ထဳ nခt, suy tဢn.
Potency (n): The power of something to influence or make an impression; hiဵu lဓc.
Historical Gastronomy, Social Hierarchy, and Cultural Evolution
Lavish (adj): Sumptuously rich, elaborate, or luxurious; xa hoa, phဳng tခng.
Nutritious (adj): Efficient as food; nourishing; bဳ dထဳng.
Hierarchical (adj): Of or belonging to a hierarchy; arranged in order of rank; cဳ thထ bဒc, cဳ tအn ti.
Roasted (adj): Cooked by prolonged exposure to heat in an oven or over a fire; ထထဳc quay, nထဳng.
Mobility (n): The ability to move or be moved freely and easily; sဓ di ထဳng, lထu ထဳng.
Staple (n): A main or important element of something, especially a diet; cခi chအnh, chအ yထu.
Virtually (adv): Nearly; almost; hဒu nhထ, gဒn nhထ.
Noble (adj/n): Belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristocratic; quဳ tဳc, quဳ phခi.
Spectacles (n): Glasses; kဢnh ထထo mဒt.
Mythical (adj): Occurring in or characteristic of myths or folk tales; many people believe in it but it is not true; nhiဲu ngထဲi tin mဢ khအng ထခng sဓ thဓt.
Go to great lengths (v): To make a great effort to achieve something; lဢm mဲi thထ ထေ ထဒt ထထဳc, cဳ gဒng hထt sထc.
Appeal (n): The quality of being attractive or interesting; sဓ hဒp dထn.
On a regular basis (adv): Regularly; mဳt cခch ထဲu ထဒn.
Cuisine (n): A style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country, region, or establishment; ထm thဓc.
Sustenance (n): Food and drink regarded as a source of strength; nourishment; chဒt bဳ, thထc ဒn, phထဓng tiဵn sinh sဳng.
Ornate (adj): Made in an intricate shape or decorated with complex patterns; vဒn hoa, trang trဢ cအng phဳ, lဳng lဒy.
Flourish (v): To grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way, especially as the result of a particularly favorable environment; hထng thဓnh, phခt triေn mဒnh.
Conquest (n/v): The subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by use of military force; chinh phဳc.
Reverence (n): Deep respect for someone or something; sဓ tအn k nh, k nh trဳng.
Literature, Religious Studies, and Philosophical Critique
Prominent (adj): Important; famous; nဳi bဒt, ထခng chဳ ဳ.
Pen (v): To write or compose; viထt, sခng tခc.
Genre (n): A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter; thေ loဓi.
Mystical (adj): Relating to mystics or mysticism; inspiring a sense of spiritual mystery, awe, and fascination; huyဲn b , thဒn b .
Lyricism (n): An artist's expression of emotion in an imaginative and beautiful way; the quality of being lyrical; thေ trထ t•nh.
Critique (n): A detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary, philosophical, or political theory; bဢi phထ b•nh.
Immoral (adj): Not conforming to accepted standards of morality; vအ ထဒo ထထc.
Severely (adv): To an undesirably great or intense degree; mဳt cခch trဒm trဳng.
Extravagant (n/adj): Lacking restraint in spending money or using resources; phung ph•, hoang ph•.
Monastery (n): A building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows; tu viဵn.
Laypeople (n): Non-ordained members of a church; thထဲng dဒn.
Clergy (n): The body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church; tu s•.
Engineering Principles, Material Science, and Environmental Legislation
Fluctuations (n): An irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation; sဓ dao ထဳng, sဓ biထn ထဳng.
Longevity (n): Long life; long existence or service; tuဳi thဳ.
Fracture (v/n): To break or cause to break; the cracking or breaking of a hard object or material; nထt, khe nထt.
Simulate (v): To imitate the appearance or character of; mအ phဳng, giထ lဒp.
Durability (n): The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; ထဳ bဲn.
Concur (v): To be of the same opinion; to agree; ထဲng ဳ, tခn thဢnh.
Nonrenewable (adj): (Of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in finite quantity; not capable of being replenished; khအng thေ tခi tထo ထထဳc.
Legislate (v): To make or enact laws; lဒp phခp, lဢm thဢnh luဓt.
Reduction (n): The action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount, degree, or size; sဓ giထm bဳt.
Advantageous (adj): Involving or creating favorable circumstances that increase the chances of success or effectiveness; beneficial; cဳ lဳi, thuဓn lဳi.
Novel (adj): New or unusual in an interesting way; mဳi lဒ.
Component (n): A part or element of a larger whole; thဢnh phထn.
Comprehensive (adj): Complete; including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; toဢn di〣n, ထဒy ထအ.
Carry a risk (v): To involve a possibility of something unpleasant or welcome happening; mang theo mဳt nguy cထ.
Contamination (n): The action or state of making or being made impure by polluting or poisoning; sဓ အ nhiေm.
Viable (adj): Capable of working successfully; feasible; khဒ thi, cဳ thေ lဢm ထထဳc.
Outlets (n): A point from which goods are sold or a place where liquid/gas can escape; nထi xထ ra.
Filters (n): Porous devices for removing impurities or solid particles from a liquid or gas passed through them; bဳ lဳc.
Promising (adj): Showing signs of future excellence or success; ထဒy hထa hထn.
Medical Science, Orthodontics, and Aesthetic Restoration
Nourish (v): To provide with the food or other substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition; nuအi dထဳng, ဒp ထ.
Noteworthy (adj): Worthy of attention or notice; remarkable; ထခng lထu ဳ.
Compose of (v): To be made up of; bao gဲm.
Denture (n): A removable plate or frame holding one or more artificial teeth; bဳ rဒng giထ.
Deterioration (n): The process of becoming progressively worse; sဓ suy thoi, xuဳng cဒp.
Orthopedic (adj): Relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles; thuဳc vဲ khoa chအnh h•nh.
Filling (n): A quantity of material that fills or is used to fill something, especially a cavity in a tooth; trခm rဒng, hဢn rဒng.
Position (n): A particular way in which someone or something is placed or arranged; vဲ tr•, tထ thထ.
Aesthetic (adj): Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty; thထm mဳ.
Versatility (n): Ability to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; sဓ linh hoဒt, ထa nဒng.