Hoards Dairyman 2020 end of year Q's

  • which component of corn silage makes the greatest contribution to the feed’s total digestible nutrients?

    • starch

  • most inoculants aim at improving the production of what acid, which is the most effective silage acid?

    • lactic acid

  • an alternative forage is a candidate for inclusion in the lactating diet if it has a crude protein content above what %?

    • 14-15%

  • after dietary change, how long does it take for a cow’s dry matter intake to adjust?

    • 7-14 days

  • what are the lowest energy components of forage?

    • fiber and ash

  • on a dry matter basis, how much ash is typical in corn standing for silage?

    • 2-3%

  • lactose makes up roughly what percentage of milk?

    • 5%

  • In the month after weaning, daily hay intake should be limited to what amount?

    • 0.5-1 pound

  • what are the two most limiting amino acids in the cow’s diet?

    • Lysine and methionine

  • where is a partial mixed ration (PMR) fed?

    • farms using an automatic milking system

  • Before a calf is weaned, it should be consuming at least how many pounds of feed each day?

    • 2.2 pounds

  • what term describes the combination of cull rate and mortality rate to help determine the number of replacement animals needed on an operation?

    • herd turnover rate

  • which of the following is not one of the most important factors defining market value for cull dairy cows?

    • day of the week

  • what type of milk is defined as the milk from the second through fourth milking’s after calving?

    • transition milk

  • which of the following does not increase when cows are heat stressed?

    • feed consumption

  • on a calving ease scale, what does a score of 1 indicate?

    • easy calving with no difficulty

  • calves start to use body energy to cool themselves at what environmental temperature?

    • 78 degrees Fahrenheit

  • what type of fly typically congregates on the back sides of cattle?

    • horn fly

  • most cows should reach their lowest body condition score around how many days in milk?

    • 40

  • for milk let-down to occur and to avoid teat damage, how much time should pass between initial udder stimulation and unit attachment?

    • 1-2 minutes

  • In cattle housing, what is the main cause of hock lesions?

    • stall surface

  • pre-weaned and weaned calves up to 4 months of age should be provided how much area per animal?

    • 30 square feet

  • a footbath should be a minimum of 10 feet long, 19-24 inches wide, and how many inches deep?

    • 4 inches

  • fans and sprinklers should be turned on when the temperature reaches what degree?

    • 65 degrees Fahrenheit

  • where does dairy rank among US agriculture industries for prevalence of worker injuries?

    • second

  • encouraging cows to lie straight in their stalls is referred to as what?

    • indexing

  • what process helps raise the temperature and lower the moisture content of bedding material in a compost-bedded pack barn?

    • aerating

  • where are bio-film causing most common on the farm?

    • milking equipment and bulk tanks

  • To improve cow footing, barn flooring needs to be refurbished how often?

    • every 6-8 years

  • flush water to clean barn alleys should flow at about what rate?

    • at least 5 feet per second

  • what tool is used to gauge the extent, seriousness, and depth of compaction in a field?

    • Soil penetrometer

  • what field management practice fractures soil crusts, levels rutted fields, and temporarily improves soil conditions?

    • tillage

  • on average, brown midrib (BMR) corn yields how much less than non-BMR hybrids?

    • 10%

  • what does soil porosity refer to?

    • Space between soil particles

  • milk has how much more available nitrogen than fluid dairy manure?

    • 6 times

  • what state produced the most corn silage in 2019?

    • wisconsin

  • dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is a co-product with what other farm product?

    • ethanol

  • what process allows rumen bacteria to dully utilize starch in corn silage ?

    • kernel processing

  • alfalfa is what type of crop?

    • perennial

  • By a bred heifer’s third trimester of pregnancy, how much is the fetuc growing per day?

    • 1 pound

  • which of the following is not one of the most common beef breeds crossed on dairy cattle?

    • charolais

  • the dairy genetic base in the US is updated every how many years?

    • 5 years

  • what sire evaluation trait is defined as “the percentage of nonpregnant cows that become pregnant during each 21 day period”?

    • daughter pregnancy rate

  • In what year were genomic evaluations introduced?

    • 2009

  • when does maternal recognition of pregnancy occur in pregnant dairy cows?

    • days 8-27

  • the placenta is attached via maternal caruncles and what fetal structure?

    • Cotyledons

  • the optimal time to conduct a first pregancy test is approximatley how many days post A.I.?

    • 32 days

  • how do conception rates from dairy animals mated to beef sires compare to conception rate from dairy on dairy matings?

    • Similar

  • what hormone is relased by a controlled internal drug release?(CIDR)

    • progesterone

  • what is the most common cause of diarrhea in the first two days of a calf’s life?

    • enterotoxigenic E.coli

  • what are the two most prevalent protozoal diseases in young calves?

    • coccidiosis and cryptosporidiosis

  • the typical first-lactation cow averages a total health cost of how many dollars during lactation?

    • $43

  • which ketone body is the most sensitive to indicate clinical and subclinical ketosis?

    • beta hydroxybutyrate (BHBA)

  • In general, what % of calfhood pneumonia cases are subclinical?

    • 70%

  • what is the greatest cost associated with mastitis?

    • future production loss

  • how are anthelmintic products used on a dairy farm?

    • dewormers

  • early in lactation, cows may go into negative protein balance when what body tissue is mobilized?

    • muscle

  • an animal will become persistently infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) if they are exposed to the virus at what stage of life?

    • fetus

  • what company became the sole owner of fairlife by purchasing the remaining 57% of the company from Select Milk Producers?

    • Coca-Cola

  • America’s food and agriculture sectors account for how many dollars of the nation’s economic activity?

    • $7.06 trillion

  • from 1975 to 2018, dairy consumption in the US grew what %?

    • 22%

  • which state recorded the highest milk production per cow in 2019?

    • Michigan

  • What major dairy processor declared bankruptcy in November 2019?

    • Dean Foods

  • What does the acronym IOFC strand for?

    • Income over feed costs

  • Roughly what percentage of fluid milk sold gets used in cereal?

    • 30%

  • what year were the first “Got Milk” ads released?

    • 1993

  • There are approximately how many farms (not just dairy) in the US?

    • 2 million

  • What dairy cooperative marketed the most milk in 2019?

    • Dairy Farmers of America