AP Euro ISMS

AP European History – ISMS Memorization Table

Anarchism

Belief that all forms of government are unnecessary and should be abolished.

Atheism

Rejection of belief in God or gods.

Anti-Semitism

Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.

Authoritarianism

Political system with strong centralized power and limited political freedoms.

Capitalism

Economic system based on private ownership, free markets, and profit.

Christian Humanism

Humanist belief that classical learning should be used to reform Christianity.

Civic Humanism

Renaissance belief that education should prepare citizens for active public life.

Collectivism

Belief that the group or state should own and control resources and production.

Colonialism

Practice of establishing political control and settlement over foreign territories.

Communism

Classless system - property is collectively owned & economic equality enforced.

Conservatism

Ideology favoring tradition, social stability, and gradual change.

Cubism

Modern art movement breaking objects into abstract geometric forms.

Cultural Relativism

Belief that cultures should be understood on their own terms.

Dadaism

Anti-art movement rejecting reason and traditional values after World War I.

Darwinism

Theory that species evolve through natural selection.

Deism

Belief in a rational creator who does not intervene in human affairs.

Determinism

Idea that events are governed by fixed laws and inevitable forces.

Dualism

Belief that reality consists of two fundamental elements, such as mind and body.

Dutch Realism

Art style portraying everyday life with detailed realism.

Economic Liberalism

Support for free markets, private property, and limited government intervention.

Empiricism

Theory that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.

Enlightened Despotism

Absolute rule combined with Enlightenment-inspired reforms.

Environmentalism

Movement advocating protection of the natural environment.

Existentialism

Philosophy emphasizing individual choice, freedom, and responsibility.

Expressionism

Art movement emphasizing emotional experience over realism.

Fabian Socialism

Gradual, democratic approach to socialism rather than revolution.

Fascism

Extreme nationalist ideology emphasizing dictatorship and militarism.

Feminism

Movement advocating political, social, and economic equality for women.

French Classicism

Artistic style emphasizing order, balance, and harmony.

Functionalism

View that institutions exist to serve practical social purposes.

Fundamentalism

Strict adherence to religious doctrines and literal interpretation of scripture.

Globalism

Belief in increasing global economic, political, and cultural integration.

Hermeticism

Mystical belief emphasizing spiritual knowledge and hidden truths.

Historicism

Idea that events and ideas must be understood in historical context.

Humanism

Emphasis on human potential, classical learning, and secular education.

Imperialism

Policy of extending a nation’s power through conquest or domination.

Impressionism

Art movement focusing on light, color, and immediate visual impressions.

Liberalism

Ideology emphasizing individual rights and constitutional government.

Mannerism

Art style marked by artificiality and exaggerated form.

Marxism

Theory arguing history is driven by class struggle and economic forces.

Marxist Revisionism

Modification of Marxism favoring reform over revolution.

Materialism

Belief that material conditions shape society and human behavior.

Mercantilism

Economic system stressing state control of trade and accumulation of wealth.

Militarism

Glorification of military power and readiness for war.

Modernism

Cultural movement rejecting traditional forms in favor of experimentation.

Monism

Belief that reality consists of a single substance or principle.

Nationalism

Ideology emphasizing loyalty and devotion to the nation.

National Socialism

Nazi ideology combining extreme nationalism, racism, and authoritarianism.

Neoclassicism

Artistic movement inspired by classical Greek and Roman ideals.

Neoplatonism

Philosophy blending Plato’s ideas with spiritual and mystical elements.

New Imperialism

Late 19th-centuryaggresive expansion driven by nationalism, economics, and racism.

Pacifism

Opposition to war and violence as means of conflict resolution.

Pantheism

Belief that God and the universe are one and the same.

Populism

Political approach appealing to ordinary people against elites.

Positivism

Belief that knowledge should be based on scientific observation.

Post-Impressionism

Art movement reacting against Impressionism with structure and symbolism.

Rationalism

Belief that reason is the primary source of knowledge.

Realism

Movement portraying life as it truly is.

Romanticism

Movement emphasizing emotion, nature, and individual experience.

Scholasticism

Medieval philosophy using reason to explain religious belief.

Skepticism

Doubt of accepted beliefs and claims of absolute truth.

Social Darwinism

The belief that the strongest individuals or nations naturally survive and dominate.

Socialism

Economic system advocating public ownership to promote equality.

Socialist Realism

Soviet art style glorifying workers and communist ideals.

Surrealism

Art movement exploring dreams and the unconscious mind.

Terrorism

Use of violence to achieve political or ideological goals.

Totalitarianism

System in which the state seeks total control over society.

Utilitarianism

Moral philosophy promoting the greatest good for the greatest number.

Utopian Socialism

Idealistic socialism based on cooperation rather than class struggle.

Zionism

Movement supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine.