In-Text Citation Guide and Reference Examples

In-Text Citation Rules and Reference Examples

CITE LIKE THIS Reference Table

Marginal Notes and Structural References

  • Page References:
    • Page 15 (Pg. 15\text{Pg. 15})
    • Page 33 (Pg. 33\text{Pg. 33})
  • Key Structural Elements:
    • Topic Sentence
    • Key thematic question: "What are the challenges of growing"

Citing by Title of Article (No Author Provided)

When no author name is provided with a source, cite using the article title directly within the sentence or parenthetical structure.

  • Direct Quotation with Statistical Data:
    • The article "Two-Thirds of Americans Look Forward to Retirement" states, "According to the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies, 63 percent of working Americans expect to work past age 65 or do not plan to retire at all, while 38 percent plan to transition into retirement by moving to a part-time position."
  • Paraphrased Source Material:
    • In "Pothole Repairs," the author explains the advantage of using cold mix asphalt for filling potholes.
  • Short Direct Quotation:
    • According to "Tiny Houses: Big Backyards," "The cost was more expensive than I thought."
  • Summarizing Main Ideas:
    • The main idea of "The Good and the Bad of Online School" is that online learning has both advantages and disadvantages.

Citing Article Title with Author First and Last Name

When referencing an article title alongside the author's full identity within the narrative structure:

  • Integrated Citation Example:
    • In writing "The High-Tech Future: Capability of Artificial Intelligence," the author, a senior at Stanford, discusses how AI is transforming society… "AI capabilities will continue to grow, making…" ("The High-Tech Future").

Citing Title and Author of Article

When both the specific title and full name of the author are integrated into the text:

  • Integrated Direct Quote with Narrative Elaboration:
    • In "You Only Live as Long as You Prepare," the author, John Smith, states, "You should make sure you spend time with your family," emphasizing the need to think about how much happy time you have.
  • Attributed Quotes and Assertions:
    • Alien behavior has "often varied" and "different findings exist for how to remove aliens in space," claims Roy Henderson.

Citing Paragraph Numbers without Author or Source Name

When the source lacks an author and specific paragraph locators are required:

  • Paragraph Locator Citation:
    • Disposing trash into the ocean is harm to marine lives (paragraph 5).

Citing Author and/or Paragraph Numbers

Combining author attribution or title identification with specific paragraph locators:

  • Author with Paragraph Locator:
    • In the article, "Extreme Types of Extreme Sports," Marie, the author, states that they are dangerous to their spine (paragraph 2).
  • Title/Subject with Paragraph Locator:
    • In an article on The Great Bronze Mountain, the fundamental idea that "the mountain has existed through time and space" is conveyed (paragraph 1).
  • Multi-Paragraph Reference:
    • Water pollution implications total sustainability of global life (paragraph 4/5).

Citing Author of an Article or Book with Page Numbers

When referencing specific page numbers for quotations or assertions from books or named authors:

  • Parenthetical Page Locator with Context:
    • When asked if there is still ongoing work with immigrants, Senator Alex Antonio, standard-bearer for the California First party, responded that "some work continues" (15, standard-bearer).
  • Direct Page Number Parenthetical:
    • The author states "how the world is not grateful for those who place life on line to preserve the country" (1).