HESI A2 A&P

A man has a growth on his skin and a small sample needs to be removed and observed under a microscope. What procedure will be used?

Biopsy

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?

Urethra

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

Oral Cavity

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of:

Carrots and Squash

What cavity of the heart normally has the thickest wall?

Left Ventricle

Arrector pili are responsible for which action?

Appearance of goose bumps.

What structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?

Cell Membrane

Which structure of the eye picks up color?

Cone

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?

Water is reabsorbed from urinary filtrate.

Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect?

Head

When drawing blood from the antecubital region, which vessel is used?

Brachial Vein

A professional boxer gets punched in the nose resulting in a deviated septum. Which bone is most likely to be involved?

Vomer

What are the macromolecules the genetic code is carried on?

DNA

Which anatomical structure houses the terminal bronchioles?

Lung

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

28 days

Where in the human body are most nutrients absorbed?

Small Intestine

An over-production of cerumen can accumulate in which area?

In the external ear canals.

What is the most abundant type of cell in the epidermis?

Keratinocytes

A sprain occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

Ligament

Why are the hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes from the stomach unable to digest the stomach itself?

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

What do ceruminous glands secrete?

Ear Wax

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?

Lactic Acid

Which structure is found in the upper respiratory tract?

Pharynx

Calcaneus is located in what part of the body?

Foot

Which advice would be appropriate to offer a person who has very active apocrine glands?

Use deodorant regularly.

Which process is increased when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

Cardiac Output

The distal end of the two bones that articulate with the carpals are broken. Which bones are these?

Ulna and Radius

Which stratum of the epidermis is found only in thick skin?

Lucidum

What contributes to phagocytosis in white blood cells?

Lysosomes

What is the function of the thrombocytes?

Play role in blood clotting.

1. During forceful exhalation, which muscle group assists in pushing the diaphragm upward and expelling air from the lungs?

B. Abdominal muscles

2. Blood leaving the left ventricle enters the ascending aorta. Which portion of the aorta then curves posteriorly and gives rise to arteries supplying the head, neck, and upper limbs?

C. Aortic arch

3. A patient has difficulty maintaining balance and coordinating voluntary movements. Which part of the brain is most likely involved?

B. Cerebellum

4. Which layer of the heart is primarily responsible for the contraction that pumps blood?

C. Myocardium

5. The three tiny bones located within the middle ear are collectively known as:

A. Ossicles

6. Which structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps equalize air pressure on both sides of the eardrum?

B. Eustachian tube

7. Which bone forms a significant portion of the base of the skull and is often described as being butterfly-shaped?

C. Sphenoid

8. Which term means toward the head or upper part of the body?

C. Cephalic

Short Answer Questions

1. Which muscle compress the abdomen during forced exhalation?

Transversus abdominis (along with rectus abdominis and obliques)

2. What term refers to the small irregular bone in the middle of the ear?

Incus (or Auditory ossicle)

3. What is the name of the membrane that covers each lung?

Visceral pleura

4. What part of the brain includes the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Diencephalon

5. Which layer of the heart lines the heart chambers and covers the heart valves?

Endocardium

Cerebrum: Thinking, memory, and reasoning

Cerebellum: Balance and coordination

Myocardium: Heart muscle (pumps blood)

Ossicles: 3 ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes)

Eustachian Tube: Equalizes ear pressure

Cochlea: Ear structure for hearing

Sphenoid: Butterfly-shaped skull bone

Aortic Arch: Curved artery supplying head and arms

Cephalic: Toward the head

Caudal: Toward the feet