Child and Adolescent Psychopathology MIDTERM EXAM

Basics of Behavior Problems
- Gender and age factors influence internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.
- Important to understand and describe these using lecture diagrams.
Exam Format
- Non-cumulative exams covering content since the last exam.
- Types of Questions:
  - Multiple Choice, Fill-in the Blank, Matching (14 points): 28 questions, 1/2 point each.
  - Applied Case Questions (15 points): 5 cases, 3 points each.
  - Short Answers and Essay Questions (15 points): Focus on theory, evidence, and diagnosis of disorders.
  - Diagnostic Vignettes (16 points): 2 cases, 8 points each, use DSM for formulation and differential diagnosis.
Key Topics for Review:
- Definitions of abnormal development or behaviors.
- Risk and protective factors (protective triad).
- Developmental pathways: Multifinality vs. Equifinality.
- Assessment purposes, different methods, and functional analysis of behavior.
- Pros and cons of DSM-5.
- Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI): Understanding cultural impact on diagnosis.

Differential Diagnosis Process
- Familiarize with the 6 steps in the differential diagnosis process.
Essay Questions
- Improving assessments for childhood disorders.
- Importance of cultural concepts in psychiatric diagnosis.
- Methods of behavioral assessment.
ADHD Specifics:
- Understand key terms: Executive function, Behavioral inhibition.
- Gender differences in ADHD prevalence.
- ADHD's developmental course and associated subtypes.
- Characteristics of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT).
- Risks associated with ADHD.
- Barkley’s Model (1997): Core deficits.
Disruptive and Impulse-Control Disorders:
- Differences in ODD, CD, and IED.
- Cognitive risk factors for ODD/CD.
- Etiological factors associated with antisocial behavior.

Substance-related Disorders:
- Definitions: Tolerance, Withdrawal, Remission, Intoxication.
- Trends in adolescent substance use based on MTF findings.
Mood and Bipolar Disorders:
- Criteria differences in children vs. adults (like PDD duration).
- Depressive episode patterns in children.
- Comorbidities of depression and pediatric bipolar.
- Multifactorial model of childhood depression variables.

Defining Abnormal Behavior:
- Considerations: statistical norms, functional impairment, risk of harm.
- Psychopathology as "adaptational failure".
Risk and Protective Factors:
- Identify risk factors (e.g., poverty, parental mental illness) vs. protective factors (e.g., supporting family).
Developmental Pathways:
- Multifinality: Different outcomes from similar experiences.
- Equifinality: Similar outcomes from different experiences.
Assessment Purpose:
- Describe child’s unique behaviors and guide treatment.
Assessment Methods:
- Clinical interviews, behavioral assessments, checklist/rating scales.
- Psychological testing: intelligence and personality assessments.
Functional Analysis of Behavior:
- Uses ABC model to analyze problematic behaviors.
DSM-5 Pros & Cons:
- Standardization and communication benefits vs. contextual weaknesses.
Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI):
- Sections assessing problem definition, perceptions, coping, and barriers.

Differential Diagnosis Process:
- Steps from ruling out malingering to confirming the primary disorder.
ADHD Official Terms:
- Define executive functions and behavioral inhibition.
Gender Differences in ADHD:
- Statistics: boys diagnosed more than girls, subtypes vary.
Developmental Course of ADHD:
- Understand symptom evolution across the lifespan.
Barkley’s Model Applied:
- Emphasis on behavioral inhibition affecting executive functions.

ODD vs. CD:
- ODD indicators: defiant behaviors, CD severity in rule violations.
Onset Types:
- Differences between childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD.
Cognitive Factors:
- Hostile attribution bias, and executive function deficits as risk factors.

Multimethod Approach:
- Combines multiple assessment methods for accuracy in diagnosis.
Cultural Importance:
- Cultural sensitivity reduces misdiagnosis, improves treatment.
Behavioral Assessment Methods:
- Different methods include functional analyses and observations.

Behavioral Problems Shifts:
- Externalizing behavior decreases, while internalizing behavior increases over time.
Age & Gender Impacts:
- Externalizing disorders more common in boys; internalizing disorders more common in girls.
Goals of Assessment:
- Diagnosing disorders and intervention strategy planning.
Types of Assessment Methods:
- Use interviews, observations, rating scales, and neuropsychological testing for a comprehensive view.

Pros of DSM-5:
- Provides standardized criteria for effective communication and treatment planning.
Cons of DSM-5:
- Risks of overdiagnosis and cultural biases; misses the contextual factors.
Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI):
- Assesses cultural impacts on diagnosis through structured questions.

Key ADHD Terms Consideration:
- Delve into executive functions and behavioral inhibition as core ADHD deficits.
Developmental Path:
- ADHD subtypes vary in prevalence and characteristics based on gender.
SCT Characteristics:
- Recognize sluggish cognitive tempo variances in symptoms.

Key Differences:
- Compare ODD and CD symptoms along with their developmental implications.
Callous-Unemotional Traits:
- Characteristics that signify severe antisocial behavior in conduct disorders.

Essay Response Topics:
- Possible essay prompts around assessment improvements and the significance of cultural context in psychiatric diagnosis.
Mock Midterm Exam:
- Review areas of ADHD, ODD, and CD with multiple choice, applied case scenarios and diagnostic vignettes.

Key Topics for Flashcards:
- Include definitions, assessment purposes, diagnostic criteria, and symptom management pertaining to ADHD, ODD, and CD.
- Important concepts: Multifinality vs. Equifinality, risk and protective factors, assessment methods, and DSM-5 implications.
- Utilize examples where necessary to solidify understanding.