The Progressive Case Against Protectionism: Exhaustive Study Guide

Economic openness in U.S. policy has shifted from bipartisan support to a new consensus that seeks restrictions on trade and immigration, citing economic damage to workers and inequality. The 2016 election highlighted protectionism, with Trump identifying foreigners as threats to American jobs. Both Trump and Bernie Sanders suggested a shift away from free trade, while mainstream Democrats show mixed support. Economic inequality has risen with stagnant wages for the lower half of earners, and many economists argue that technological changes, rather than trade, drive economic disruption. Myths about harmful trade deals persist, despite studies showing trade agreements often benefit the U.S. High tariffs negatively impact consumers, disrupt supply chains, and lead to retaliatory measures from trading partners. Immigration, counter to protectionist views, is argued to foster economic growth and innovation. Domestic policy solutions focus on taxation, infrastructure investment, and strengthening labor protections to address inequality while promoting trade and immigration.