GI

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is the thickening of the pyloric muscle between the stomach and small intestine. This narrowing blocks food from the stomach, causing forceful, projectile vomiting in infants.

• Other key words:

  • Persistent hunger: Babies are frequently eager to feed again immediately after vomiting because no nutrition is retained.

  • Palpable mass: An "olive-sized" mass may sometimes be felt in the right upper quadrant of the baby’s abdomen.

Most cases of diarrhea are viral in nature and therapeutic management is usually supportive in nature.

Omphalocele is a rare congenital birth defect where an infant's abdominal organs (like the intestines, liver, or spleen) protrude outside the belly through the umbilical cord.

Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition where nerve cells (ganglion cells) are missing from the end of a baby's bowel. This prevents the intestine from relaxing, causing a severe bowel blockage. Symptoms usually include a newborn failing to pass meconium, vomiting green bile, a swollen belly, and chronic constipation.