Chapter 7 - Neoplasms

Describe the phases of the cell cycle

Meiosis - gametes

Mitosis - other cells

Differentiation - the process of cells becoming different from each other

Describe characteristics of cancer cells; what is a neoplasm

Neoplasms are irreversible deviant cell clusters that cause cancer

• Cancer happens when altered genes cause the cell to grow out of control and the cell loses its function. It is highly invasive

Differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms; malignancy and metastasis

Benign - localized, looks like tissue of origin, no significant risk

Malignant - spreads, metastasis.

Describe how cancer spreads and affinity of cancer cells. Cell proliferation

Carcinogenesis - origin and development of cancerous neoplasms

Mutations - abnormal changes in DNA of gene

• Can be inherited or acquired

Oncogenes - mutated genes that can cause cancer

Tumor suppressor genes - genes that prohibit the proliferation of cells. when mutated cells become immoral and do not die like normal

Protooncogenes - Normal genes that regulate cell function, but can become activated and turn to oncogenes

Point mutation - single gene

Translocation - chromosome breaks and attaches to other chromosome

Gene amplification - chromosomal replication alteration

Organ tropism - affinity for cancer cell to go to another area

Define the term paraneoplastic syndrome

A syndrome that is a consequence of a tumor in the body