PMLSP 1

Medical Technology is also known as:

  • Clinical Laboratory Sience

  • Medical Laboratory Science

Ruth Heinemann

  • application of natural, physical, biological performance of laboratory procedures, aid in diagnosis and treatment of disease

Anne Fagelson

  • branch of medicine concerned with performance of laboratory determination and analyses

Walters

  • health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses in view of obtaining necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as the maintenance of good health

RA 5527

  • The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969

  • auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine deaks with the examination of tissues, secretion and excretion of human body and body fluids by various chemical, microscopic, bateriologic and other medical procedures

  • diagnosis and treatment of disease in promotion of health in general

Clinical Laboratory

  • the setting or facility that performs chemical and microscopic examination of body fluids

Inside the Clinical Laboratory

  • pathologist

  • medical technologist

Medtech act as Detectives

Roles of Medtech

  1. Observe, identify, and analyze organisms and cells causing infection and disease

  2. Perform blood test

  3. Measure substance in blood and other body fluids.

  4. Operate complex apparatus, instruments and machines.

  5. Use standards and controls to improve reliability of results.

  6. Work under pressure with accuracy and precision

  7. Adhere to high ethical standards of performance.

History of MLS

Early Beginnings

  1. 400 B.C.

    • Hippocrates - Father of Medicine

      • advocate testing of urine, listening to lungs, and observing outside appearances in diagnosis

      • author of Hippocratic Oath (oath of physicians)

  2. 600 B.C.

    • Hindu physicians - recorded sweet taste of diabetic urine as well as polyuria (excessive urine)

  3. 1500 B.C.

    • Vivian Herrick - identified Taenia and Ascaris (parasites)-

      • “Ebers Papyrus” - was discovered and the oldest preserved Egyptian medical text

  4. 1632

    • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - invented compound microscope

      • first to describe red blood cells, protozoa, bacteria according to shape

  5. 1628-1694

    • Marcelo Malphigi - Founder of Pathology

      • greatest of the early microscopist

      • contributed Embryology and Anatomy

  6. 1847

    • Rudolph Virchow - founder of “Archives of Pathology” in Berlin

  7. 1848

    • Herman Fehling - performed first quantitative test for urine sugar

      • Fehling solution - used to identify aldehydes and reducing sugar

  8. 15th Century

    • discover of dyes (aniline dyes) made possible the staining and study of microorganisms such as bacteria

In The United States

  1. 1878

    • Dr William H. Welch

      • established laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College

      • become first professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University (1885)

  2. 1896

    • Dr. William Osler

      • opened first clinical laboratory at John Hopkins University

      • William Pepper Laboratory was also opened at University of Pennyslvania

  3. 1908

    • Dr James C. Todd

      • wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” became the standard reference for labs

  4. 1921

    • Denver Society of Clinical Pathologist was organized

      • American Board of Pathology (1936)

      • ASCP - American Society for CLinical Pathology

  5. World War I

    • Produced great demand for technicians

    • University of Minessota is one of first school to establish

  6. World War II

    • “Closed System” of blood colli action was adopted

    • automated equipment

    • quality control programs

In the Philippines

  1. 1876

    • Provincial Medical Officer were pointed to provide health care services

  2. 1883

    • Board of health and charity

  3. 1887

    • Laboratorio Municipal de Manila founded by the spaniards to examine food, water and clinical samples (limited work)

    • General Antonio Luna

      • employed a Chemical expert and pioneered water testing, forensics, and environmental studies

  4. 1898

    • Spanish Military Hospital

      • first reserved hospital by Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott who has the chief surgeon of the DIvision of the Pacific and Eight Army Corps

  5. 1901

    • US Gov through Philippine Commission established Bureau of Government Laboratories under the Philippine Commission Act No. 156

  6. 1905

    • Reorganization of Bureau of Government Laboratories establised Bureau of Science for Officers who sought career in laboratory research

  7. 1945 (WWII)

    • 1st clinical lab in the Philippines was established during WWII by the 6th infantry division of the US Army

      • Quiricada St. Sta. Cruz Manila - Manila Public Health Laboratory

      • Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Mariano Icasiano

    • Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (MSH) opened the first school of medical technology under the leadership of Mr.s Willa Hedrick

      • its first internship was at Loma Linda University California

  8. Dr. Sta. Ana & Dr. Tirso Briones

    • proposed a 6 month formal syllabus for the training program with certificates

    • ended in 1945 when Bureau of Private Education approved a four year course in Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology

  9. Dr. Pio de Roda

    • first to graduate MLS

  10. 1954

    • the Philippine Union College absorbed MSH’s school of Medical Technology

      • Dr. Jesse Umali was the first graduate and later became a Doctor (FEU)

      • subsequently opened the same course as an elective for Pharmacy (1957)

      • 1961 - recognized as an official program

Key Points in the History of Medical Technology

  1. United States

    • established of the first clinical laboratories

    • development of the laboratory practice

    • marked the growth of the medical technology field

  2. Philippines

    • establishment of the country’s first clinical laboratory by the 6th infantry division of the us army

Inventions and Innovations in the Field of Medical Laboratory

  1. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

    • Father of Microbiology

    • known for the Microscope

  2. Edward Jenner

    • discovered vaccination for small pox

  3. Marie Francois Xavier Bichat

    • identified organs by their types of tissues

  4. Agostino Bassi

    • produced disease in worms by injection of organic material

  5. Luis Pasteur

    • produced immunity to rabies

  6. Gregor Mendel

    • Father of Modern Genetics

    • Mendalian Law

      • Law of Segragation

      • Law of Independent Assortment

      • Law of Dominance

  7. Joseph Lister

    • surgical infections are caused by airborne organism

      • mouthwash

  8. Robert Koch

    • presented the first picture of bacilli

      • anthrax and tubercle bacilli

  9. Elie Metchnikoff

    • describe phagocytes in blood and their role fighting infection

      • blood cells eating parasites

  10. Ernst Von Bergman

    • introduced steam under sterilization

  11. Karl Landsteiner

    • distinguished blood groups through development of the ABO Blood groups

      • O+ most common

      • A+ high demand

      • B+ treatments

      • AB+ universal recipient

      • O- universal donor

      • A- rare A

      • B- scarce

      • AB- rarest

      • Rh-null golden blood

  12. August Wasserman

    • developed immunologic test for syphilis

      • STI or STD

  13. Howard Ricketts

    • discovered microorganisms ranges between bacteria and viruses called rickettsia

    • rocky mountain spotted fever

      • typhus

  14. Hans Fischer

    • worked out the structure of Hemoglobin

      • hemoglobin ❤ oxygen

  15. Jonas Salk

    • developed Poliomyelitis vaccine

      • polio vaccine

  16. James Westgard

    • introduced westgard rules for quality control

      • calibrating machines

  17. Baruch Samuel Blumberg

    • introduced Hepatitis B vaccine

  18. Kary Mullis

    • developed Polymerase Chain Reaction

      • PCR - covid-19 testing

      • used to rapidly amplify and copy specific segments of DNA

  19. Andre Van Stierteghem

    • introduced the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ISI)

  20. James Thomson

    • describe the first human stem cell line

Nature of Medical Technology

  • Science deals with natural world and the interralationship among the biological, psychological, social world

  • Technology - application of science in ways beneficial to society

    • physical artifact, machine, intrument

  • Medical Technology - designed to improve the detection, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring of disease

  • Clinical Laboratory Technologist: examination and analysis of body fluids, tissues, cells

  • with the increasing automation, the work of medtech becomes less hands-on and more analytical