FSHN 322 Unit Three Exam Study Guide

Energy Needs Calculations

• Convert weight from pounds to kilograms and height from inches to centimeters.

Protein Needs by Age Group

• 1-3 years: 1.1 g/kg/day

• 4-8 years: 0.95 g/kg/day

Growth and Measurement

Toddler and Preschooler Growth

• Ages:

  • Toddlers: 1-3 years

  • Preschoolers: 3-5 years

• Growth Measurement:

  • Toddlers: Gain 8oz and grow 0.4 inches per month

  • Preschoolers: Gain 4.4 pounds and grow 2.75 inches per year

• Measurement Techniques:

  • Under age 2: Calibrated scales, height board, recumbent length (laying down)

  • Over age 2: Weighed with clothing, measure stature without shoes

Feeding and Nutritional Needs

Feeding Skills and Intake

• Development Stages:

  • 9-10 months: Start weaning from bottle

  • 12-14 months: Refined pincer grasp

  • 18-24 months: Use tongue to clean lips

• Appetite Control:

  • Encourage self-regulation of intake; discourage "clean plate club"

Nutritional Deficiencies

• Common Deficiencies:

  • Iron, Zinc, Calcium

• Recommended Daily Intake:

  • Iron: 1-3 years 7 mg, 4-8 years 10 mg

  • Zinc: 1-3 years 3 mg, 4-8 years 5 mg

  • Calcium sources include kale, tofu, dairy

Common Nutrition Problems in Young Children

Addressing Issues

• Iron Deficiency Anemia: Limit milk to 24oz/day.

• Dental Caries: Use fluoridated water, eliminate bedtime bottles.

• Constipation: Ensure adequate fiber intake (1-3 years: 19g/day; 4-8 years: 25g/day).

• Obesity Prevention: Limit sugars, encourage fruits and veggies.

Childhood Overweight and Obesity

Definitions

• Obese: Above the 95th percentile

• Overweight: 85th to 95th percentile

Prevention Strategies

• Promote healthy dietary and lifestyle choices: Limit screen time, portion control, regular physical activity.

Key Nutritional Programs

• Public Assistance:

  • School Lunch Program, School Breakfast Program, Summer Foodservice Programs.

Special Considerations for Children with Disabilities

Nutritional Needs

• Common Issues:

  • Higher rates of picky eating, delayed eating abilities

  • Conditions: CF, spina bifida, seizures

• Nutrition Needs:

  • Pediasure for energy and protein needs.

Adolescent Nutrition

Growth and Development

• Puberty: Occurs 11-21 years, marked by sexual maturation and growth.

  • Males experience muscle gain; females typically gain fat mass

Common Health Behaviors

• Meal skipping, consuming sugary beverages, limited cooking at home.

Nutritional Concerns and Dietary Recommendations

Protein and Micronutrient Needs

• RDA for Protein: .85g/kg

• Critical Micronutrients for Teenagers: Calcium, Iron, Vitamin D, Folate

Iron Deficiency Risks

• Common in adolescents due to growth spurts; preventative strategies include iron-rich foods and supplements.

Special Considerations for Athletic Teens

• Caloric Needs: 2,600-3,200 calories for boys, 2,200-2,400 for girls.

• High Protein Needs: 1.2-1.8 grams/kg body weight

• Adequate Hydration and Sleep: Teens require 3-5 liters of fluids and about 8 hours of sleep nightly.

Ergogenic Aids and Nutrition Education

• Common Ergogenic Aids: Creatine, beta-alanine.

• Nutrition Education: Focus on meal timing, nutrient timing, and dietary habits to support athletic performance.