Homeworks

  • Question 1

  • Which drug binds DNA/topoisomerase complex and prevent the repair of broken DNA strands? 

  • Ciprofloxacin

  • Amoxicillin

  • Trimethoprim

  • Polymyxin

  • Question 2

  • Which of the following IS NOT a well-known mechanism through which bacteria develop resistance to antibacterial drugs? 

  • Increased expression of the target

  • Mutation of the drug target

  • Increased cell permeability to the drug

  • Enzymatic inactivation of the drug

  • Question 3

  • Which statement best explains the roles of beta-lactamase inhibitors?

  • They inhibit the ability of the bacterial to destroy the beta-lactam antibiotics

  • The inhibit the ability of the bacteria to synthesize cell wall

  • They inhibit the enzyme - beta-lactamase, which the bacteria requires to make new cell wall

  • They prevent the bacteria from making beta-lactamase enzyme

  • Question 4

  • Which of the following drugs inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid in Mycobacterium species?

  • Rifampicin

  • Isoniazid

  • Ethambutol

  • Pyrazinamide

  • Question 5

  • Which antibacterial agent is most effective against anaerobic drugs?

  • Amoxicillin

  • Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim

  • Metronidazole

  • Ciprofloxacin

  • Question 6

  • Which of the following is not a target for antibacterial agents?

  • Integrase strand transfer

  • Folate synthesis

  • Cell wall synthesis

  • DNA replication

  • Question 7

  • Which of the following is a unique drug target in fungi compared to bacteria?

  • Cell wall peptidoglycan

  • Ergosterol in the cell membrane

  • Reverse transcription

  • DNA gyrase

  • Question 8

  • How does oseltamivir (Tamiflu) work?

  • It inhibits the the viral fusion to the host cell

  • It inhibits the integrase enzyme preventing the splicing of the viral DNA into the host cell genome for replication

  • It inhibits viral release from the host cell by blocking the activity of the neuraminidase enzyme

  • It inhibits the viral protease enzyme

  • Question 9

  • For a drug to be effective against infectious agents

  • It must be delivered orally

  • it must have a concentration below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the site of infection

  • its spectrum of activity must include the infective organism

  • It must be bactericidal

  • Question 10

  • Which of the following is not a a target for antiviral drugs?

  • Reverse transcriptase enzyme

  • Viral attachment to host cell

  • Protease enzyme responsible for the cleavage of viral particles

  • Cell wall synthesis

  • Question 1

  • Which of the following is true of the older, cytotoxic class of cancer chemotherapy drugs? SELECT ALL THE APPLY

    • most interfere with DNA synthesis

    • some bind to microtubules

    • some of them are proteins

    • most of them target only mutated or overexpressed proteins that cause cancer

    • they all cause immune system suppression and gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) side effects

    • patients take intense rounds of combinations of drugs with breaks in between

  • Question 2

  • Match each drug with its mechanism of action and/or description

    • blinatumomab (Blincyto)

      • binds to the extracellular portions of proteins (receptors) on cancer cells and on immune cells simultanously

    • axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta)

      • T-cell from the patient genetically engineered to attack cancer cells

    • denileukin diftitox (Ontak)

      • fusion protein that binds to IL receptor and delivers a toxin to cells

    • doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

      • inhibits DNA replication

    • bevacizumab (Avastin)

      • inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor to prevent blood vessel growth

    • crizotinib (Xalkori)

      • binds to and inhibits mutant ALK growth factor receptors

    • vemurafenib (Zelboraf)

      • binds to and inhibits mutant BRAF signaling proteins

    • palbociclib (Ibrance)

      • binds to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK)

    • vismodegib (Odomzo)

      • binds to and inhibits Sonic hedgehog pathway SMOothened G-protein coupled receptors

    • rucaparib (Rubraca)

      • binds to an inhibits DNA repair enzyme PARP

    • pembrolizumab (Keytruda)

      • binds to PD-1 protein to dis-inhibit immune cells so they can kill cancer cells

    • bortezomib (Velcade)

      • inhibits proteosomes

    • trastuzumab (Herceptin)

      • binds to and inhibits over-expressed HER2 growth factor receptors

    • ruxolitinib (Jakifi)

      • Binds to an inhibits JAK (kinase) signaling proteins in immune cell cancers

  • Question 3

  • Which of the following drugs is actually a genetically-engineered virus?

  • talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygic)

  • sipuleucel (Provenge)

  • tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah)

  • axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta)

  • Question 4

  • Which of the following is true of the newer classes of cancer drugs called STI and monoclonal antibodies? SELECT ALL THE APPLY

  • most interfere with DNA synthesis

  • their generic names end with nib or mab

  • some of them are proteins

  • most of them target only mutated or overexpressed proteins that cause cancer

  • they all cause immune system suppression and gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) side effects

  • the protein drugs have to be given by injection and can cause allergic reactions

  • Question 1

  • Which are true about the different forms of insulin (insulin lispro, Humulin R, Humulin N and insulin glargine)? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

    • Each form is the same as a form made by the body

    • Each form has a different speed of onset

    • Each form has a different duration of action

    • Only one form is ever used for a given patient

    • Multiple forms can be given together to give a kinetic profile like insulin secretion by the pancreas

    • Some forms mimic the actions of insulin and others block the actions of insulin

  • Question 2
    Match the drug with it's therapeutic use

    • canagliflozin (Invokana)

      • type II diabetes mellitus

    • fluticasone (Flovent)

      • asthma (inflammation of the lungs)

    • tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

      • Estrogen Receptor-expressing (ER+) breast cancer

    • progesterone (Prometrium)

      • contraception (preventing pregnancy)

    • metformin (Glucophage)

      • type II diabetes mellitus

    • propylthiouracil (PTU)

      • hyperthyroidism

    • finasteride (Propecia or Proscar)

      • Androgen Receptor-expressing (AR+) prostate cancer

    • degarelix (Firmagon)

      • Androgen Receptor-expressing (AR+) prostate cancer

    • abiraterone (Zytiga)

      • Androgen Receptor-expressing (AR+) prostate cancer

    • nilutamide (Nilandron)

      • Androgen Receptor-expressing (AR+) prostate cancer

    • testosterone (Testostim)

      • replacement for low androgen hormone, anemia or andropause

    • vitamin D

      • osteoporosis

    • pioglitazone (Actos)

      • type II diabetes mellitus

    • insulin

      • type I or type II diabetes mellitus

    • glipizide

      • type II diabetes mellitus

    • fludrocortisone (Florinef)

      • mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) deficiency

    • levothyroxine

      • hypothyroidism

    • sodium iodide I-131 (Idotope, Megatope)

      • thyroid cancer

    • alendronate (Fosamax)

      • osteoporosis

  • Question 3

  • Match the drug with it's mechanism of action

    • canagliflozin (Invokana)

      • inhibits the SGLT2 transporter, reducing glucose re-absorption from the kidney

    • fluticasone (Flovent)

      • agonist for glucocorticoid receptors

    • tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

      • antagonist for estrogen receptors

    • progesterone (Prometrium)

      • agonist for progestin receptors

    • metformin (Glucophage)

      • somehow decreases glucose absorption from the gut, increases the effect of insulin, and decreases gluconeogenesis by the liver

    • propylthiouracil (PTU)

      • blocks synthesis of thyroid hormone

    • finasteride (Propecia or Proscar)

      • blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone 

    • degarelix (Firmagon)

      • antagonizes GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone) receptor

    • abiraterone (Zytiga)

      • inhibits the synthesis of testosterone

    • nilutamide (Nilandron)

      • antagonizes androgen (testosterone) receptors

    • testosterone (Testostim)

      • agonist for androgen receptors

    • vitamin D

      • increases the absorption of calcium from the gut

    • pioglitazone (Actos)

      • agonist for PPAR gamma receptors that increase glucose uptake by cells

    • insulin

      • endogenous hormone and drug that increase glucose uptake by cells

    • glipizide

      • increases secretion of insulin into blood

    • fludrocortisone (Florinef)

      • activates aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptors

    • levothyroxine

      • agonist for thyroid hormone receptors

    • sodium iodide I-131 (Idotope, Megatope)

      • destroys thyroid with radiation

    • alendronate (Fosamax)

      • inhibits the removal of calcium from bone