Page-by-Page Notes: Holistic (Universal) vs Partial (Particular) in Logic

Page 1

  • Topic: Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person (Day 1.4)
  • Source: Montessori (1981/1991 context shown on page)

Page 2

  • Key distinction: Holistic vs Partial

Page 3

  • The Universal (holistic) and the Particular (partial) are frequently used in logic

Page 4

  • Particular
    • Also known as point of view
    • A specific or part of the whole
    • An attitude how one sees or thinks of something (e.g., from a doctor's point of view)

Page 5

  • Particular
    • Stands for a definite subject
    • Definite pronouns & adjectives: some, several, many, few

Page 6

  • Particular
    • Ex.: Used of numbers (seven tickets)
    • Use of articles “a” and “an”
    • General propositions which are true most of the time but not all the time

Page 7

  • Examples of a Particular
    • Filipinos are hospitable
    • Some bears are dangerous

Page 8

  • Universal
    • Also known as holistic view
    • Pertains to the whole
    • What can be seen existing in things (from a bird’s eye viewpoint)

Page 9

  • Universal
    • Stands for every subject signified
    • Universal expressions: all, every, each, without exception, everything
    • The use of articles “a”, “an”, “the” if the ideas are universal

Page 10

  • Examples of a Universal
    • Men and women are mortal.
    • The snake is a dangerous creature.