solar system

  • Cosmology - the study of the physical universe

  • Astrology - science of celestial bodies

- Religious Cosmology -

  1. Mormon Cosmology - based on the book of mormon

“there was pre existing/pre mortal life before the universe was created”

  1. Buddhist Cosmology - based on the samsara

  • Samsara - an endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. all driven by       .  karma. 

“there is a large number of worlds”

  1. Islamic Cosmology - based on allah, similar to the bible, created from nothing.

  2. Hindu Cosmology - based on brahman, traced back to ultimate reality, similar to buddhist.

  • Brahman - supreme being, source of all existence

“creation is timeless”

- Religious Cosmology -

honorable mention : theory of relativity - einstein

  1. Steady State Theory 

  • the universe is expanding and never changed, there was no beginning

  • idea by James Jeans and made by Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle

  • matter is constantly created

  • no beginning and end

  • maintains the universe’s density




  1. Big Bang Theory

  • universe began from a hot point that exploded

  • made by George Lemaitre

  • evidence found that there were cosmic background radiation (leftover radiation)

  1. Inflation Theory

  • super fast expansion

  • smoothing the universe

  • creating tiny variations that grew to galaxies, stars, and planets

  • made by Alan Guth

  1. String Theory

  • there is a tiny string of energy that vibrates inside the atoms, molecules, basically everything

  • unified theory (theory of everything)

  1. M - Theory

  • made by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow

  • collision of membranes leads to a new universe

  • infinite number of parallel universes

  • said to have 11 dimensions

  • super strings

  • unified theory ( unifies all string theories)







The formation of the solar system

  • Galaxies & Solar System

    • Galaxy - system of stars, interstellar gas, dust, & dark matter

ex. milky way

- Theories -

  1. Vortex Theory 

  • made by Rene Descartes in 1644

  • said that the the universe is filled with matter that moves in whirlpool patterns called vortices, which carry celestial bodies in their paths    

  1. Encounter Hypothesis

  • consists of 2 theories

  • named because they were encounters with stars/comets

  1. Collision Theory 

  • made by George Louis Leclerc Buffon

  • says that a comet struck the sun, ejecting debris that eventually formed the planets and their moons

  1. Tidal Theory

  • made by James Harold Jeans and Harold Jeffreys

  • the planets were formed from a substance torn from the sun due to the gravitational pull of a passing star

  1. Nebular Hypothesis

  • the sun and planets originated from a massive, rotating cloud of gas and dust called a nebula.

  • collapsed and flattened into a rotating disk under the influence of a gravitational pull

  • made by Immanuel Kant and later modified by Pierre-Simon Laplace



  1. Solar Nebular Theory/Model

  • a nebula contracted & formed the sun

  • the same with the nebular hypothesis but added additional details like accretion and differentiation