6.1.3 Manipulating genomes- DNA Profiling notes

Electrophoresis is used to produce DNA profiles

Some of an organism genome is repeated many time with non coding bases this can different between individuals as well as the length of the non-coding regions as well the number of times a sequence is repeated at different specific places electrophoresis can be used to compare different genomes of individuals creating a DNA profile

DNA profiling can be used in forensic science

Forensic scientists use DNA profiling to comparer sample of DNA in a crime scene

The DNA is isolated from the samples taken and PCR can be used to amplify multiple copies of the same fragment the products are then run of gel electrophoresis to be compared to each other and see if their are any matches

If they do match to the crime scene or a suspects home then it is shown they were their as we know the chances for individuals having the same profile or length of profile is very low

Medical diagnosis

In medical diagnosis the DNA profile can refer to the pattern of serval alleles which can be used to analyse the risk of genetic disorders by identifying specific mutations that are not known or that their a multiple which can lead to genetic disorders

Example: PGH can be used to screen embryos for genetic disorders as if a parent has a disease like cystic fibrous, the faulty regions of the parents DNA are used to make a DNA profile and it is compared to the embryos DNA profile if it matches we know that the embryo has that specific disease