Homesteader

  • Definition: A homesteader is a person who settles on a piece of land, often claiming it through squatting or government programs.
  • Options:
    • A. Settler recruited in Europe by a railroad company
    • B. African-American settler originally from the South
    • C. Settler who claimed land in Oklahoma by squatting on it
    • D. Settler who farmed land given by the federal government

Morrill Act

  • Definition: The Morrill Act was legislation that provided federal land to states for the purpose of establishing agricultural colleges.
  • Options:
    • A. Gave federal land to the states to help finance agricultural colleges
    • B. Gave land in Kansas to African Americans willing to settle and farm it
    • C. Gave federal land to railroad companies to encourage railroad building
    • D. Gave 160 acres of free land to anyone willing to cultivate it for five years

Political Parties and Movements

  • Questions:
    • Which party supported the gold standard? Republican Party.
    • Which party turned the American two-party system into a three-party system? Populist Party.
    • Who was nominated for president at the Democratic Convention? William Jennings Bryan.
    • What did the Populist Party propose? Increase in money supply, graduated income tax, and financial support for families, reflecting the needs of farmers.
    • Who started the Grange? Oliver Hudson Kelley.

Conflicts with Plains Indians

  • Important Events:
    • End of wars between federal government and Plains Indians:
    • A. The Treaty of Fort Laramie
    • B. The death of Sitting Bull
    • C. The Sand Creek Massacre
    • D. The massacre at Wounded Knee

Reconstruction Challenges in the South

  • Economic Problems After Civil War:

    • Many towns and plantations were destroyed
    • Many people had no personal property
    • Most industrial machinery was destroyed

  • Thirteenth Amendment: Ended slavery in the United States.

  • Black Codes Purpose: To maintain white supremacy in the South by restricting freedoms of newly freed African Americans.

Voting Rights Post-Reconstruction

  • Fifteenth Amendment Provisions: Granted voting rights specifically to African-Americans but not women or Indians.
  • After Andrew Johnson's impeachment, he was acquitted by the Senate, remaining in office.

Southern Politics after Reconstruction

  • Dominated by Democrats, as Republicans lost influence post-Reconstruction.
  • Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction in the South, leading to increased white supremacy.

Life of the Plains Indians

  • Cultural Aspects:
    • The horse and buffalo were central to their life and culture in the 1800s.
    • The extended family was also a vital component of their social structure.
  • Exodusters: Former slaves from the South who emigrated to the Great Plains seeking a better life.

Economic Views on Bimetallism

  • Why did Plains farmers support bimetallism?
    • It would put more money into circulation, making it easier for them to get loans and benefiting agricultural pricing.

Reassertion of White Supremacy Post-Reconstruction

  • Tactics included voting restrictions, segregation, and intimidation, but not anti-lynching laws.

Key Events in Native American Resistance

  • Dawes Act: Attempted to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.
  • Battle of Wounded Knee: Resulted from the U.S. Army opening fire on Sioux, leading to major casualties.
  • Sitting Bull: Leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux who resisted U.S. Army actions and advocated for Native American rights.