Comprehensive Notes – TOEIC Lessons 8-10 & Grammar

Lesson 8 – Promotions, Pensions, Awards & Shopping

Core Vocabulary (Word List)

  • achievement

    • n /əˈtʃiːv.mənt/ – a completed success, record, or milestone

    • Related feelings: pride, recognition

  • contribute

    • v /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/ – to give, donate, or add (money, effort, ideas)

    • Often followed by to + N/V-ing

  • look forward to

    • v phr /lʊk ˈfɔː.wəd tuː/ – to anticipate happily

    • Grammatical note: followed by a noun phrase or VingV_{ing}

  • look to (= rely on) /lʊk tuː/

  • obviously

    • adv /ˈɑːb.vi.əs.li/ – clearly, self-evidently

  • value

    • n or v /ˈvæl.juː/ – importance, price; OR to appraise, esteem

  • bear v /ber/ – to endure, tolerate

  • behavior n /bɪˈheɪ.vjər/ – manners, conduct

  • checkout n /ˈtʃek.aʊt/ – payment counter or process

  • comfort

    • n /ˈkʌm.fərt/ – ease, convenience

    • v /ˈkʌm.fərt/ – to console

  • expand v /ɪkˈspænd/ – to enlarge

  • explore v /ɪkˈsplɔːr/ – investigate, travel through the unknown

  • mandatory adj /ˈmæn.də.tɔːr.i/ – compulsory

  • strictly adv /ˈstrɪkt.li/ – rigorously, absolutely

  • trend n /trend/ – prevailing direction or tendency

Word-Family Highlights

  • achieve ⇨ achiever (person), achievement (result)

  • contribute ⇨ contribution (n), contributor (n)

  • dedicate ⇨ dedication, dedicated

  • loyal ⇨ loyalty, loyally

  • productive ⇨ product, produce (v), producer (implied)

  • promote ⇨ promotion, promoter

Lesson 8 – Comfort & Retail Extensions (Family B)

  • comfort ⇨ comfortable (adj), comfortably (adv)

  • expand ⇨ expansion (n), expanded (adj)

  • explore ⇨ exploration (n), exploratory (adj)

  • mandatory ⇨ mandate (n & v)

  • merchandise (n & v) ⇨ merchant (n)

  • strict ⇨ strictness (n), strictly (adv)

Lesson 9 – Ordering Supplies & Shipping

Core Vocabulary (Word List)

  • enterprise n /ˈen.tə.praɪz/ – company, venture

  • everyday adj /ˈev.ri.deɪ/ – routine, daily

  • obtain v /əbˈteɪn/ – acquire, gain

  • quality n /ˈkwɒl.ə.ti/ – grade, characteristic

  • source n /sɔːrs/ – origin or supplier

  • stationery n /ˈsteɪ.ʃə.ner.i/ – office supplies

  • accurately adv – with precision

  • catalog (n/v) – printed or digital list; to list

  • fulfill v – complete, satisfy

  • integral adj /ˈɪn.tə.ɡrəl/ – essential

  • inventory n – stock on hand

  • minimize v – reduce to the smallest

  • remember v – recall

  • sufficiently adv – adequately

Word-Family Highlights A

  • diversify ⇨ diversity (n), diverse (adj)

  • enterprise ⇨ enterprising (adj), enterpriser/entrepreneur (n)

  • essential (adj) ⇨ essentially (adv), essence (n)

  • function (v & n) ⇨ functional (adj)

  • maintain ⇨ maintainability (n), maintainable (adj)

  • smooth ⇨ smooth out (v phr), smoothly (adv)

Word-Family Highlights B

  • accuracy ⇨ accurate (adj), accurately (adv)

  • fulfill ⇨ fulfilling (gerund), fulfillment (n)

  • integral ⇨ integrate (v), integration (n)

  • minimize ⇨ minimal (adj), minimum (n)

  • ship (v) ⇨ shipper (n), shipment (n)

  • sufficient (adj) ⇨ sufficiently (adv), suffice (v)

Practical link: Inventory control + accurate catalogs reduce over-ordering and storage cost; embodies lean philosophy.

Lesson 10 – Invoices & Inventory

Core Vocabulary (Word List)

  • charge (v/n) /tʃɑːrdʒ/ – to bill; the fee itself

  • order (v/n) – request goods; the purchase order

  • discount (v/n) – reduce price; the reduction

  • run (v) – operate (e.g., run a system)

  • scan v – sweep visually or digitally

  • compile v – gather into a single list/database

  • subtract v – deduct, remove

  • rectify v – correct, remedy

  • verify v – confirm accuracy

  • liability n – legal responsibility

  • reflection n – mirror image; thoughtful consideration

  • discrepancy n – inconsistency, disagreement

  • terms n (pl) – contractual conditions

  • efficient adj – producing maximum output with minimum waste

  • tedious adj – boring, tiresome

Word-Family Highlights A

  • compile ⇨ compilation, compiled

  • efficient ⇨ efficiently, efficiency

  • estimate (v/n) ⇨ estimation, estimating

  • impose ⇨ imposition, imposing

  • mistake (v/n) ⇨ mistaken (adj)

  • prompt (v/adj) ⇨ promptness (n)

Word-Family Highlights B

  • adjust ⇨ adjustment, adjustable

  • automate ⇨ automation, automatic, automatically

  • disturb ⇨ disturbance, disturbingly

  • reflect ⇨ reflection, reflector

  • scan ⇨ scanner, scanned

  • subtract ⇨ subtraction, subtracted

Business implication: Automating scanning & automatic subtraction of discounts boosts ROIROI by reducing manual discrepancies.