race

race science - diff racial & ethnic groups have innately differing levels of physical, intellectual, & moral development that distinguish them as superior or inferior

• biologically essentialist

• debunked in all scientific fields

• still has real impact on society today

  • no race genes exist, more genetic variation exists within populations than between populations

  • race may not be biologically real, but it has real social & physical consequences

  • ancestry tests don’t measure race, social associations of race/ethnicity, culture, & crime rooted in scientific racism

color line

• global issue w a history in colonialism driving economic, political, & social conflicts & inequality in the past & present

  • source of civil war in the us

  • othering, “us vs they” mentality 

    • who does or doesn’t belong within humanity itself

    • empires & nationalism - reinforces a global color line

• sorts the free from the unfree

double consciousness

• dual self-perception experienced by subordinated or colonized groups who must navigate their own identity & viewing themselves through the eyes of the dominant, hostile society

new racism - modern racial order that replaced jim crow racism, more subtle, hidden in race-neutral language (culture or personal responsibility), institutional & systemic -built into housing, schools, jobs, policing, powerful - just as effective but harder to prove or challenge

colorblind racism - claims to not see race & insistence that racism is largely over, while racial inequality continues through subtle, covert, & systemic practices