geography

tempurature means exactly how hot or cold somthing is it is usually given in degrees celcius and measured using a thermometer

air pressure means how heavy the air is it is usuallly given in millibars and measured used a barometer

cloud cover means how much of the sky is hidden by clouds it is usually given in oktas and measured using your eyes or a satellite image

wind speed means how fast the wind is blowing it is usually given kph and measured using a anemometer

wing direction means where the wind is blowing from (a south west wind blows from the south west) it is usually given as compass bearings(n,s,e,w,nw,ne,sw,se) and it is measured using a wind vane

precipitation means water falling from the sky in any form (rain, hail ,sleet ,snow) usually given in ml and measured using a rain gauge

visibility means how far ahead we see for example on a foggy day it is usually given in metres or kilometres and it is measured using visibility metres