FINAL EXAM PT. 2

Put the muscle cell terms in order: muscle belly, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, sarcomere, myofibril, myofiliment, myosin, and actin.

The sarcomere is a unite of: muscle fiber

Myosin: thick

Actin: thin

1st step of muscle contraction: a raise in calcium allows the myosin head to attach to actin exposing a binding site and forming a cross bridge

2nd step of muscle contraction: the cross-bridge pulls on the filament for them to slide to the center

3rd step of muscle contraction: the atp binds to myosin and the cross-bridge de-attaches

4th step of muscle contraction: the myosin head is ready to bind again using atp

What two molecules are needed for myosin to bind and pull on actin: ATP and calcium

insertion: attachment to a moveable bone

origin: attachment to an immovable bone

flexion: the decrease of an angle

extension: the increase of an angle

rotation: the moving on a longitudinal axis

abduction: the moving away from the midline

adduction: the moving to the midline

circumduction: flexion, abduction, extending, adduction

sensory/afferent: input of information

motor/efferent: output of information

cell body: controls nueron

dendrites: receive information

axons: send out information

astrocytes: support and anchor neuron to capillaries

microglia: clear cellular debris

ependymal: secrete and circulate csf

oligodendrocytes: form myelin sheath

satellite: support and anchor neurons to capillaries

schwann: form myelin sheath

depolarization: membrane potential reaches zero and then raises as sodium is entering the neuron

re-polarization: membrane potential reaches -70mv and potassium exits the neuron

importance of calcium in the release of a neurotransmitter: triggering synaptic vesicle exocytosis

3 layers of meninges: dura matter, arachnoid membrane, pia matter

where is csf produced: choroid process

path of csf: lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle, subarachnoid membrane, central canal, granulations of the blood

corpus collosum: connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

cerebral cortex: grey matter, contains dendrites and cell bodies

cerebral medulla: white matter, myelinated axons

basal nuclei: islands of grey matter

frontal lobe: voluntary movements, decisions, planning, reasoning, verbal communication

parietal: spacial awareness, sensations, body positions

occipital: visual processing and objective memory

temporal: memory comprehension, emotional association with memory, pronounciation, smell, and sound

thalamus: sends information to the cerebral cortex

pineal gland: secretes melatonin

hypothalamus: autonomic processing, hormones, limbic system

midbrain: sends information to the cerebrum (body movement and posture

pons: sends information across the brain (breathing)

medulla oblangata: brain to spine information (bp, heart rate, swallowing coughing)

cerebellum: muscle memory, coordinates movements