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Ratify ¾ of the state legislatures votes are needed or a special convention must be called by the state legislatures
Veto acts of Congress, commander in chief of armed forces
Popular sovereignty the people should govern themselves
Amendment changes to the Constitution
Federalism division of power between national and state governments
Nationalists Believed in a strong central government, George Washington, alexander hamilton, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams
Federalists Supporters of the Constitution (James Madison, John Jay) large landowners, merchants, artisans and eastern farmers,Wanted power divided between National and State government
Anti-Federalists Opposed the Constitution Accepted the need for a national government Concerned about who would be supreme: State or NAtional government Supporters: John Hancock Patrick Henry (Western farmers) Wanted a Bill of Rights added Guarantee protection of civil liberties
Preamble introduction
Northwest Ordinance 1787 Provided the basis for governing the western territory Territory
When 5,000 adult males settled in the area, they could form a territory State When the population of a territory reached 60,000, a territory could apply to become a state Rights
Freedom of religion Property rights Rights to trial by jury Slavery Slavery was excluded from the new territory
Land Ordinance 1785 Established a method of surveying the western lands
Articles of Confederation 1st Constitution Proposed an alliance between the 13 states Established a weak central government
Shay’s Rebellion Led by Daniel Shay Occurred in Massachusetts in 1786 Why? Massachusetts raised taxes Instead of issuing paper money to pay off its debts Taxes mainly affected farmers Many farmers couldn’t pay for taxes, mortgage and debts As a result, they rebelled 1)Closed country courthouse 2)Marched on the state supreme court 3)Attempted to seize the arsenal Rebellion was easily put down Casualties consisted of 4 farmers
Virginia Plan Proposed by James Madison Suggested division of powers Wanted legislature divided into two houses Wanted representation of votes based on state’s population Congress should have powers to tax and regulate trade Benefited large states
New Jersey Plan Proposed by William Paterson Wanted legislature to have a single house
Wanted representation & voted to be equal regardless of state’s population
Great Compromise Based on Roger Sherman’s ideas Divided Congress into two houses (Upper House- Senate equal reps) (Lowe House- House of Reps, based on population)
Three-Fifths Compromise Southern and Northern states argued over the counting of slaves in the population Each slave would count as ⅗ of a person # x ⅗= of every five slaves 3 would count Southern states also worried that a congress would hurt the atlantic slave trade Congress agreed not to interfere with the atlantic slave trade Constitutional protection The founders protected slaveholder rights Forbidding all stated to shelter or emancipate fugitive slaves- or as termed as the constitutional persons held to service or labor
Bill of Rights 1st 10 Amendments Was added by Federalists to gain Anti-Federalists support so the Constitution could be ratified
Legislative Branch Congress, makes the laws
Executive Branch president, enforces the laws
Judicial Branch Federal courts, interpret and explain the laws
The Federalist or Federalist Papers A collection of 85 essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamliton and John Jay Argued for ratification of Constitution
Specifics:
Who served as the first President and Vice President of the U.S.? George washington and John Adams
What was the name of the first written Constitution? Articles of confederation
How many delegates attended the Constitutional Convention? 55
Which state didn’t attend the Constitutional Convention? Rhode Island
What was the last state to ratify the Constitution? Rhode Island
Under the revised Constitution, how many states had to ratify for it to go into effect? All of them
What was the requirement to become a territory? When 5,000 adult males settled in the area, they could form a territory
What was the requirement to become a state? When the population of a territory reached 60,000, a territory could apply to become a state
What were some strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Strengths of Articles of Confederation
States retained rights
Post office established
Power to declare war and make peace
Weakness
Loose bonds developed between states
One vote in Congress was given to each state
No executive or judicial powers
Amendments required a unanimous vote
No power to take
No power to enforce treaties
No power to regulate commerce
Compare the Articles of Confederation and the revised Constitution.
1st Constitution
Proposed an alliance between the 13 states
Established a weak central government
Popular sovereignty
Republicanism - representative democracy (the people are the final authority)
Limited Govt.
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Individual Rights
Framework of Constitution
Preamble
Seven Articles
Bill of Rights
Today, how many Senators do we have? House of Representative members? 100, 435
Know amendments (1-10)
1st Amendment
Freedom of press, petition, peaceable assembly, religion and speech
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms (weapons)
3rd Amendment
No Quartering of troops without permission in time of peace nor war
4th Amendment
No search and seizure of person or property without warrant
5th Amendment
Rights of the accused
Right to remain silent
No double jeopardy
Rights to due process (fair trail)
Rights to compensation for govt. Use or acquisition of property
6th Amendment
Rights to a Speedy Trial
Right to an attorney
Right to witnesses (have & confront)
Trial by jury (impartial) in criminal cases
7th amendment
Right to trail by jury in civil cases
8th Amendment
Rights concerning bail, fines, and punishment
Protects against cruel and unusual punishment
9th Amendment
Powers reserved to the people
10th Amendment
Powers reserved to the states
Explain the system of Checks and Balance and give two examples.
president - could veto acts of Congress, commander in chief of armed forces
2) Congress - could override the veto with ⅔ votes in both houses, could impeach and remove the president or any high official
3) Courts (Judicial) - could hear all cases under federal law and the constitution
How many essays were a part of the Federalist Papers? Who wrote these essays? 85 , James Madison, Alexander Hamliton and John Jay