PAOHB - 4. Theories Of Health Behaviour #2

Personal Background

  • Li is a 38-year-old married individual with three children, currently employed as a nurse.

  • She is returning to education to pursue a Master's degree in Health, focusing on Advanced Nursing to enhance qualifications and career prospects.

Current Physical Activity

  • Engages in 60 to 100 minutes of exercise each week.

  • Has a history of maintaining an active lifestyle, though a lower back injury has impacted her ability to perform certain physical activities, requiring adjustments to her routine.

Health Belief Model (HBM)

  • A psychological framework explaining why individuals engage in or refrain from health behaviors.

  • Core Assumptions:

    • Personal susceptibility to health issues.

    • Perceived severity of those issues.

    • Belief in the effectiveness of specific health actions.

    • Perceived benefits versus perceived barriers to action.

    • Self-efficacy: belief in one’s ability to execute actions for beneficial outcomes.

  • Key Components:

    • Individual perceptions about health risks.

    • Modifying factors like demographic and sociopsychological variables.

    • Cues triggering action towards health behaviors.

  • Strengths:

    • Explains initiation of health-related behaviors.

    • Straightforward clinical application.

    • Focuses on perceived threats to health.

  • Limitations:

    • Better at predicting initiation than adherence.

    • Static model may not account for the dynamics of behavior change over time.

Theories of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Planned Behavior (TPB)

  • TRA: behavior predicted by intention influenced by:

    • Attitude towards the behavior.

    • Subjective norms regarding the behavior.

  • TPB: expands TRA by adding Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC).

    • Three factors shaping intention: attitude, subjective norms, PBC.

  • Limitations:

    • Assumes full control over behaviors.

    • Intention-behavior gap exists.

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

  • Stages of Change:

    • Precontemplation.

    • Contemplation.

    • Preparation.

    • Action.

    • Maintenance.

  • Acknowledges the cyclical nature of change and common relapse.

  • Strengths:

    • Accounts for time and relapse.

    • Useful for tailoring interventions.

  • Limitations:

    • Vague boundaries between stages.

    • Risk of oversimplification.

Self Determination Theory (SDT)

  • Motivational framework focused on psychological needs:

    • Autonomy (control over actions).

    • Competence (feeling effective).

    • Relatedness (connection to others).

  • Types of Motivation:

    • Intrinsic motivation (driven by internal satisfaction).

    • Extrinsic motivation (driven by external rewards).

  • Emphasizes autonomy and social connectedness in promoting consistent physical activity.

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

  • Behavior shaped by dynamic interplay of:

    • Internal thoughts.

    • Social influences.

    • Environmental factors (reciprocal determinism).

  • Key Expectancies:

    • Situational outcomes.

    • Outcome expectancies (beliefs about results of behaviors).

    • Self-efficacy (confidence in ability to perform behaviors).

  • Self-Efficacy Development Through:

    • Performance accomplishments.

    • Observational learning (vicarious experience).

    • Verbal persuasion.

  • Emphasizes self-regulation in behavior change:

    • Goal setting.

    • Planning.

    • Self-monitoring.