Unit Review

Dispositional Attribution: attributing behavior to internal factors.
Situational Attribution: attributing behavior to external factors.
Self-serving bias: tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors.
Mere exposure effect: increased preference for familiar stimuli.
Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE): overemphasizing personal traits in others' behaviors.
Social Comparison: evaluating oneself against others.
External Locus of Control: belief that outside forces dictate outcomes.
Internal Locus of Control: belief that one controls their own outcomes.

Stereotype: generalized belief about a group.
Cognitive Dissonance: discomfort from conflicting beliefs/actions.
Just-world phenomenon: belief that the world is fair and people get what they deserve.
Out-group Homogeneity Bias: viewing members of outside groups as similar.
In-group Bias: favoring one's own group.
Belief Perseverance: maintaining beliefs despite contrary evidence.
Confirmation Bias: seeking information that supports existing beliefs.

Social Norms: accepted behavior in society.
Normative Social Influence: influence based on desire for approval.
Informational Social Influence: influence based on accepting information from others.
Elaboration Likelihood Model: routes to persuasion - central and peripheral.
Halo Effect: overall impression affecting specific judgments.
Foot-in-the-door Technique: compliance to a small request leads to larger requests.
Door-in-the-face Effect: making a large request that is refused, followed by a smaller request.
Conformity: adjusting behavior to align with group norms.
Obedience: following direct commands from an authority figure.
Individualism: prioritizing individual over group goals.
Collectivism: prioritizing group over individual goals.
Diffusion of Responsibility: decreased accountability in groups.
Group Polarization: increasing extremity of group views.
Groupthink: consensus-seeking leads to poor decision-making.
Bystander Effect: less likelihood to help in larger groups.
Social Loafing: reduced effort in groups.
Deindividuation: loss of self-awareness in groups.
Social Facilitation: improved performance in presence of others.
Social Trap: conflicting interests leading to detrimental outcomes.

Psychodynamic Perspective: focus on unconscious processes.
Ego Defense Mechanisms: strategies to protect self-esteem.
- Denial, Displacement, Projection, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, Regression, Repression, Sublimation.
Projective Tests: ambiguous stimuli to uncover unconscious thoughts.
Unconditional Positive Regard: acceptance without conditions.
Humanistic Psychology: focus on self-actualization (Rogers, Maslow).
Id, Ego, Superego: components of personality.
Thematic Apperception Test: measures projections via storytelling.

Social-Cognitive Theory: interplay of personal and environmental factors.
Reciprocal Determinism: behavior, environment, and cognition interrelated.
Self-efficacy: belief in one's capabilities.
Real Self vs Ideal Self: discrepancy impacts self-esteem.
Self-concept: perception of oneself.
Trait Theories: focus on characteristics of personality.
Big 5 Theory of Personality (OCEAN): Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.
Personality Inventories: assessments to evaluate traits.

Drive-Reduction Theory: motivation arises from biological needs.
Homeostasis: maintaining stable internal state.
Arousal Theory: optimal level of arousal motivates performance.
Yerkes-Dodson Law: relationship between arousal and performance.
Extrinsic Motivation: driven by external rewards.
Intrinsic Motivation: driven by internal satisfaction.
Incentive Theory: reward-based motivation.
Instinct: innate behaviors.
Avoidance-Avoidance, Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance Theories: types of conflict in decision-making.

James-Lange Theory: emotions follow physiological responses.
Cannon-Bard Theory: emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously.
Schachter-Singer Theory: cognitive label affects emotion interpretation.
Physiological and Cognitive Experiences: factors influencing emotional response.
Cognitive Appraisal: individual interpretation of emotion.
Facial-Feedback Hypothesis: facial expression influences experienced emotion.
Universality of Emotions (Ekman): core emotions are recognized across cultures.
Negative Emotions: includes anger, disgust, sadness, fear, surprise, happiness.