Normal Lab

  • Hematocrit (Hct)

  • Normal range: Males: 42% – 52%; Females: 35% – 47%

  • Increased in erythrocytosis, dehydration, shock; Decreased in severe anemias, acute massive blood loss

  • Leukocyte Count (WBC)

  • Normal range: 4,500 – 11,000/cu mm; 4.5 – 11 × 10^9/L

  • Increased during inflammation

  • Prolonged in thrombocytopenia

  • Prothrombin Time (PT)

  • Normal range: 9.5 - 12 secs

  • Prolonged by deficiency of clotting factors, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, Warfarin therapy

  • Neutrophil Level

  • Normal range: 45% – 73%

  • Increased in acute infections, trauma, leukemia, malignant disease; Decreased in viral infections, bone marrow suppression

  • Coagulation Parameters

  • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)

  • Normal range: 20 - 40 secs; 46 - 70 secs in Heparin therapy

  • Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen, clotting factors, and in heparin therapy

  • International Normalized Ratio (INR)

  • Normal range: 1 - 2 secs; 2 - 3 secs for anticoagulation therapy

  • To be monitored for blood thinner therapy

  • Erythrocyte Parameters

  • Reticulocyte Count

  • Normal range: 0% – 1%

  • Increased in any condition stimulating bone marrow activity; Decreased in any condition depressing bone marrow activity

  • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

  • Normal range: Males under 50yr: <15 mm/h; Females under 50yr: <25 mm/h

  • Increased in tissue destruction, inflammation, menstruation, pregnancy

  • Platelet Parameters

  • Platelet Count

  • Normal range: 150,000 – 450,000/cu mm

  • Increased in malignancy, myeloproliferative disease, rheumatoid arthritis; Decreased in thrombocytopenic purpura, acute leukemia, aplastic anemia

  • Hormones and Enzymes

  • Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

  • Males: <350 pg/mL, Females: <100 pg/mL

  • Increased in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

  • Alkaline Phosphatase

  • 50–120 UL

  • Increased in conditions with high osteoblastic activity, Rickets, Hyperparathyroidism, Hepatic disease, Bone disease

  • Lipase

  • 150–200 mg/dL

  • Increased in Lipemia, Obstructive jaundice, Diabetes, Hypothyroidism

  • Decreased in Pernicious anemia, Hemolytic anemia, Hyperthyroidism, Severe infection, Terminal states of diseases

  • Myoglobin

  • 0.2–0.8 mg/mL; 15.3–61 μmol/L

  • Increased in Pregnancy, Skeletal muscle necrosis or atrophy, Starvation, Hyperthyroidism

  • Metabolic Markers

  • Creatine Kinase (CK)

  • Males: 85–125 mL/min, Females: 75–115 mL/min

  • Increased in Nephritis, Chronic kidney disease

  • Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

  • Males: 10–40 U/mL, Females: 8–35 U/mL

  • Increased in Myocardial infarction, Skeletal muscle disease, Liver disease

  • More marked in liver disease than AST (SGOT)

  • Bilirubin

  • Total: 0.3–1.0 mg/dL, Direct: 0.1–0.4 mg/dL, Indirect: 0.1–0.4 mg/dL

  • Increased in Hemolytic anemia, Biliary obstruction and disease, Hepatocellular damage (hepatitis), Pernicious anemia, Hemolytic disease of newborn

  • Blood Glucose

  • Fasting: 60–110 mg/dL, Postprandial (2 h): 65–140 mg/dL

  • Increased in Diabetes mellitus, Nephritis, Hyperthyroidism, Infections, Pregnancy, Uremia

  • Decreased in Hyperinsulinism, Hypothyroidism, Addison’