Socrative Class Questions Midterm 1 - Tagged

Exam Questions Overview

• Possible exam questions submitted by the class

• Will use some questions on the exam (not verbatim)

Plasma Color After PCV

• Red colored plasma indicates:

  • A) Lipemic

  • B) Normal

  • C) Hemolyzed

  • D) Icteric

Erythropoiesis Stages

• Evolutionary stages of erythropoiesis after the erythrocyte differentiates into a ubiblast.

Normal Plasma Color

• Normal plasma color for a PCV:

True or False Statements

• In a PCV/TP test, the plasma layer color will always be clear and is not important to note. (T/F)

• T/F: PCV tests must contain whole blood with an anticoagulant.

• T/F: A higher than average PCV result indicates anemia.

PCV Measurement

• What does PCV/TP measure?

  • Percentage of each type of WBC and protein content in plasma.

  • Percentage of RBCs in whole blood and protein content in plasma.

  • Amount of platelets per microliter.

  • Amount of HgB in a cell and percentage of RBCs in whole blood.

Normal PCV Ranges

• Canine PCV normal range:

  • A) 30-45%

  • B) 37-55%

  • C) 25-45%

  • D) 21-38%

• Feline PCV normal range: Provide an example.

Myeloid vs. Lymphoid Progenitor Cells

• Main significance between the myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.

PCV/TP Test Components

• Four recorded parts of a complete PCV/TP test.

• Tube used for blood drawn in a PCV test.

Plasma and Buffy Coat Observation

• T/F: Do note the color of plasma and the Buffy coat % when doing a PCV/TP test.

• T/F: Higher than average PCV results indicate anemia or poor collection.

Reticulocytes vs Erythrocytes

• Differences between Reticulocytes and Erythrocytes.

Importance of Microhematocrit Tube Alignment

• Why to ensure the microhematocrit tube is lined up correctly when reading a PCV.

Laboratory Instrumentation

• Instrument needed to determine TP of a blood sample:

  • a. microscope

  • b. refractometer

  • c. nothing

  • d. PCV chart

PCV Interpretation and Observations

• A higher than average PCV result tells us the plasma is ____.

• True or False: It is important to include the buffy coat in the PCV reading.

• Larger red blood cells may indicate ____.

• Smaller red blood cells may indicate ____. Why?

• If the PCV plasma appears very yellow what might it indicate?

Rouleaux vs Autoagglutination

• How to differentiate between rouleaux and autoagglutination:

  • A) There is no difference.

  • B) Rouleaux will NOT disperse with saline; autoagglutination WILL.

  • C) Rouleaux WILL disperse with saline; autoagglutination will NOT.

  • D) Rouleaux will stain pink; autoagglutination will stain blue.

Erythrocyte Lifespan

• Lifespan of erythrocytes in horses and sheep.

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Terms for Lymphocyte Count

• Increased: lymphocytosis

• Decreased: lymphocytopenia

Acanthocytes vs Echinocytes

• Morphological differences.

• Which is normal to see prior to saline droplet? (Rouleaux or autoagglutination?)

Abnormal RBC Shape Variations

• Name different types of abnormal RBC shape variations (Poikilocytes) and describe distinguishable features.

Memory Cells

• Definition and function.

Basophilic Stippling

• When is it alarming to see basophilic stippling? What does this suggest?

• Is it okay to see one RBC with basophilic stippling on a blood smear?

Immune Response in Puppies

• Cells that help the immune system prevent parvo reinfection.

Schistocytes Observation

• Potential significance of finding schistocytes in a blood smear.

Neutrophil Terminology

• What is the term for abnormal amounts of neutrophils?

  • a. neutrophilia

  • b. neutropenia

  • c. eosinophilia

  • d. lymphocytosis

Concerns with Rouleaux

• Should you be concerned if rouleaux is present in a wellness check for a feline cat?

• no its normal in cats

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Abnormally Shaped Erythrocytes

• Term for abnormally shaped erythrocytes:

  • Scientific name for abnormally shaped cells:

    • A- Schistocyte

    • B- Poikilocyte

    • C- Acanthocyte

    • D- Echinocyte

    • E- Spherocyte

Leukocyte Terms

• Terms referring to increased circulating WBCs:

  • Leukocytosis or leukopenia?

  • leukocytosis

Saline and Autoagglutination

• Effects of adding saline on autoagglutination.

• drop of saline will not disperse autoagglutination

Nucleated RBC vs Lymphocyte

• Differences in appearance under a microscope when identifying nucleated RBCs.

Monocyte Transition

• What do monocytes become when entering tissues from the bloodstream?

Poikilocyte Definition

• What are Poikilocytes? Poikilocytes are red blood cells that exhibit an abnormal shape, which can indicate various underlying health conditions.

• Is "Poikilocytes" diagnostic?

Anisocytosis

• Common species affected by anisocytosis.

  • a. bovine

  • b. porcine

  • c. canine

  • d. none of the above

  • e. all of the above

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis

• Which species is mostly affected? horses

Flea Anemia Treatment

• Treatment options. flea prevention and PRBC transfusion

Anemia Classifications

• Describe four classifications of anemia.

• T/F: Aplastic anemia is a liver disorder.

• its a bone marrow disorder

IMHA Vulnerability

• Who is more prone to IMHA? female dogs

Regenerative Anemia Signs

• Signs of regenerative anemia.

Coombs Tests

• Differences between direct Coombs test and indirect Coombs test.

IMHA Function

• What does IMHA do to the body?

  • 1. Destroys the immune system

  • 2. Destroys the RBCs

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Causes of Regenerative Anemia

• Two main causes for regenerative anemia.

IMHA Hypersensitivity

• What hypersensitivity type is IMHA?

• type 2

Diagnostic Tests for Anemia

• Typical tests performed for diagnosing anemia.

Regenerative vs Nonregenerative Anemia

• Differences between regenerative anemia and nonregenerative.

Parasitic Infection Anemia

• Name the anemia characterized by blood loss caused by parasitic infection.

Nonregenerative Anemia Causes

• Identify non-regenerative anemia causes:

  • -Endocrine diseases

  • -Renal or liver disease

  • -Chronic blood loss from GI parasites

  • -Bone marrow disorder

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis in Foals

• Mechanism of occurrence.

Aplastic Anemia Causes

• Caused by what type of disorder? bone marrow

Immune System and RBC Destruction

• Name the anemic disease that causes the immune system to destroy its own red blood cells. IMHA - immune mediated hemolytic anemia

Nonregenerative Anemia Causes Repeated

• Which is a possible nonregenerative anemia cause?

  • A) Hemolysis

  • B) Iron deficiency

  • C) New environment

  • D) Recent vaccine

IMHA in Females

• Why females are 4x more likely to get IMHA between 3-8 years old?

Post-Trauma Anemia

• What type of anemia follows trauma? hemorrhagic anemias

Cell Measurement Descriptions

• Describe normal cell size, normal color, and cells containing reticulocytes.

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Toxic Changes in Neutrophils

• Which is not considered a toxic change in neutrophils?

  • a. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia

  • b. Dohle bodies

  • c. Cytoplasmic vacuolation

  • d. Banded neutrophils

Cat Blood Type Precautions

• Which blood type must blood-type B cats never receive?

  • A

Pre-transfusion Preparation

• Critical steps for horse blood transfusion preparation.

• cross-matching must be done before 1st group

• mare-foal incombability test

Consequences of Poor Blood Typing

• What could result from not crossmatching prior to a transfusion?

Canine Blood Transfusion Follow-up Questions

• Questions to ask owners if a canine has had a previous blood transfusion without typing.

Natural Alloantibodies

• Which animals possess natural alloantibodies?

• cat, cattle, sheep, and pig

Differential Blood Count Procedure

• How to perform a differential blood count.

Transfusion Guidelines

• Should an animal with a PCV of 19% receive a transfusion?

• yes normal range 37-55

Blood Type Compatibility Questions

• Can you give a B-type patient a transfusion of A-type blood?

• Can you give a cat a blood transfusion from a dog more than once?

Unique Antibodies in Cattle

• What antibodies are commonly found in cattle?

Absence of Alloantibodies

• Which type of animal doesn't have alloantibodies?

DEA 1 Screening

• Reason for routine DEA 1 screening.

Cat Blood Type B Antibodies

• T/F: Feline blood type B has weak anti-A alloantibodies.

• Can you give a cat with type B blood type A?

Consequences of Dog Blood in Cats

• What happens if a cat receives dog blood more than once?

• Is it more harmful to give a type A cat B blood or a type B cat A blood?

  • -It is more harmful to give type B cat A blood.

  • -It is equally harmful.

  • -It is more harmful to give type A cat B blood.

  • -You can give any type of blood.

Detection Tests

• Which test detects specific antigens or antibodies in serum?

Steroid Response in Leukograms

• What type of leukogram is associated with a steroid response?

ELISA Test Validation

• True or false: The ELISA test detects specific antibodies in serum.

Abscess Treatment Options

• Name three treatments for abscesses.

Left Shift Definition

• What is a left shift?