Anatomy and physiology of friction ridge skin lecture 1
SKIN IS THE LARGEST ORGAN PART OF THE BODY
Skin functions
Temperature regulation
Insulation and cooling
Protection
External and internal environment
Sensory and sensation
-specialized cells and nerve free endings
Energy source in fat tissue
Skin definion - skin is the largest organ part of the body composed of three layers
3 layers of skin
Epidermis-outermost layer of skin and prevents water loss via evaporation-1st layer
Dermis-middle layer of skin and primarily layer of connective tissues and structural component od nourishment of the dermis
Hypodermis-inner most layer of skin and consist of loose connective tissue and fat adipose cells and provides energy reserve and structual components
Friction ridge skin
-surface level rooted in the dermis by primary ridges and secondary ridges
Primary ridges-under the ridges
Secondary ridges-under the furrows
Primary and secondary ridges areinterlocked with the dermis
Epidermis-what it is
Renewing keratinocytes and exhibits and progressive differentiation at the lowest level and cells pushed toward the surface and further changes in chemical composition
Epidermis-cell differentiation
Keratinocytes-primary cell of epiderms-90-95 percent of epidermis cells, travels rom basal layer to the surface which undergoes cell differentiation
Keratin
-durable porein when organizing into bundles and providing structural support to cells by extension
Roughly 20 variation
Other key cells included m, l , m
Melanocytes, langerhans, merkel cells
Keratin
Key cells include
Melanocytes- has pigment of melanin in keratinocytes and protect genetic material\
Langhans- has extension of the immune system and recruits t cells from the body to attack invaders
merkel - exstention of the nervous system and plays a role in sensation of touch
Layers of epidermis (5)
Bsglc
Stratum basale-innermost layer of the cell consists of a single layer of keratinocytes,melanocytes and merkel cells
Stratum spinosum-keratinocytes are pushed toward the surface and begin cell differentation
Stratum granulosum - keratinocytes continue structural and chemical modification. Lamellar granules are introduced
Stratum lucidum - keratinocyes continue their programed cell death
Stratum corneum- layers of stacked chemically dead cells
Epidermis - Stratum Spinosum
• Keratinocytes while subjected to differentiation become polyhedral in shape and desmosomes [cell junctions) are reinforced.
Keratin production is increased, and the filaments extend into the desmosomes.
Epidermis - Stratum Granulosum
1 Granulosum - Think: Granules
• Keratinocytes fill with Keratin and lamellar granules release their lipid content.
As the keratinocytes travel up toward the surface - between stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum- the lamellar granules release their lipid content forming a hydrophobic barrier.
Epidermis - Stratum Lucidum &
Stratum Corneum
• Stratum Lucidum (clear, lucid, ghostly) - By this layer, the keratinocytes have completed their programmed cellular death.
Even still, chemical activity is continued.
• Stratum Corneum (corny, hard) - as dead keratinocytes rise to the surface they form a brick-and-mortar structure.
with the Keratin-filled cells being the bricks and the lipids being the mortar.
• As the cells are pushed toward the surface the cell membrane is weaker/ brittle and allows the cells to be sloughed off (which is a feature).
Lets talk dermis (PR) (2)
Papilary layers- loose connective tissue containing firbirls and dermel cells
Recticular layers0 compacted connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
Dermis- papillae layer (DA) (2)
Dermal papillae- a finger like projection between primary under friction ridge and secondary under furrows
Anastomoses- tissue sheets form from the epiders that cross link near by the primary and secondary ridges forms follow function
Anastomoses
Attachment between anastomoses and dermal papilae increasing the area between the two of the epiderdims and dermis by the extstneion increasing the bond between the two
Features of the dermis-
Sensory and automatic nerve branches
-touch,temeprature,pain and itching
Nerve free endings
Meissner corpuscles (touch)
Ruffini coprscules (pressure)
Pacinian corpuscles (pressure)
Meissner corpscules (touch)
Ruffini corpscules (pressure )
Pacanian corpuscles (pressure)
M r p
Mrp
Messiner corpusles-touch
Ruffini0pressure
Paacian corpsules
Dermis features
Sensory and automatic
Temperature, touch, pain, and itching
Mrp
Nerve free endings
Meissner corpuscles (touch)--transmitting sensations of fine discriminative touch and vibration in dermis
Ruffini corpuscles (pressure)-sensory receptors in the dermis that detect pressure
Pacinian corpuscles (pressure)-sensory receptors in the dermis that respond to deep pressure and vibration
Dermis features sensory and automatic
Temperature,touch pain, itching
Sweat and temperature
Sweat is through the pores in the skin and vzrious areas and in different amounts
The body is exposed to varying temperature conditions
Sweat consists of eccrine and sebaceous
Sweat is through the pores and the skin and in various areas and in different amounts
The body is exposed to varying tempeartue conditions
Sweat is through the pores and skin in various areas in different amounts the body is exposed to varying temperature conditions
Sweat is through the pores and the skin in various areas and in different amounts the body is ecxposed to varying temperature conditiions
Sweat consit of errcine and sebacceous
Erricne sweat- primarily composed of water salt potassium ammonia urea amino acids,hormones enxymes and vitamins
Sweat is prduced from ericne sweat glands and are the primary appendage of friction ridge skin
Sweat is produced from erricne sweat glands and are the primary appendage of friction ridge skin
Sweat is produced from aricne sweat glands and are the primary appendange of friction ridge skin
Sweat is produced from erricne sweat glands are the primary appendafe of friction ridge skin
Sweat is produced from erricne sweat glands are the primary appendage of friction ridge skin
Sweat is produced from ericne seat glands are the primry appendage of friction ridge skin
Sweat is produced from ericne sweat glands are the primary ppendage of friction skin
Sweat is prodcuced from erictine glands and are the primary appendange of firction ridge skin
Ericne sweat is composed of salt potassium water amino acids hormones enzymes and vitames
Erricne sweat is composed of salt potassium water hormons enzymes amino accid vitamines
Physiology of the firction ridge skin
Physical attachments
Primary and secondary ridges anastomosis and dermal papilae
Basmement membrane zone-fiborus sheet which attacheds the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis to the underlying dermal dermis layer
Basmement membrane zone-fibrous sheet attaches the basal keratinoyctes epidermis to the underlying dermal dermis layer
Basement memerane zone-fiborus sheet attaches to the basal keratinocytes eperdmis to the underlying dermis layer
Fiboruos sheet attaches to thebasal kerainotyces eperdimis underlying dermis layer
Fbourus sheet attached to the basal keratinocytes epedermis to the underlying dermis layer
Fiborus sheet attached to the basal kertainocytes epedrimis to the the udnerlying dermis layer
Basememnt bembrane-fiborus sheet attached to the basal keratinocytes eperdmis to the underlying dermis layer
Cell to cell attachements - desmoses and focal tight junctions
Cell to cell attachements-desmoses and focal tight junctions
Cell to cel attachements-desmoses and focal tight junctions
Basement membrane - fibrous sheet attached to the keratinocytes epidermis to the underlying dermiis layer
Fibrous sheet attached to the keratinocytes epeidermis to the under lying dermis layer
Fiborus sheet attached to the keratinoyctes epeiderm and to the under lying dermis layer
Cell to cell attachemnts desmoses and focal tight junctions
Cell communication-
Gap junctions these are connections between the cell memebrane of adjancent cells that permit a direct exchange of small molecules ions and hormones
Gap juctions these are conection between the cell membrane of adjancent cells that permit a direct exchange of small molecules ions and hormones
Gap junctions these are connctions linked to the cell membrane of adjancent cells that permit direct exchange of small molecules ions an dhormones
Gap junction-these are connection linked to the cell membrane of adjnacent cells that permit direct exchhange of small molecues ions andhormones
These are connections linked to the cell membrane of adjancent cells that permit direct exchange of small molecules ions and hormones
These are connections linked to the cell membrane of adjancent cells that permit direct exchange of small molecules ions and hormones
These are connections linked to the cell membrane of adjancent c ells that permit direxct exchange of small ions an dhormones
Cell surface receptions-throughtout the outer membrane there are specific modefied proteins that can respond to signals sent from other cells with epidermis
Cell surface receptions-throughout the outer membrane tehre are specific modified proteins that can respond to signals sent from other cells with epidermis
Cell surface receptions-throughtout the outer memrane there are specific modified proteins that can respond to signals sent from other cells with epidermis
Throughout theoouter membere there are specific modified proteins that can respond tosignals sent from other cells with epidermis
Persistence of frs
Aging of the firction ridge skin happens through one of ttwo ways
The friction ridge flatten
The gradual loss of the eleasicity become flaccid or wrinkled
Presiencetence of frs
Flattening of friction ridges occurs in summary when the dermal papilae grow and branch out the firction ridge surface ridge become flatten
Flatteniting of friction ridges occurs in the sumary when the dermal papilae grown and branch out
Flattening of friction ridges occurs in the summary when the dermal papiler grown and branch out the friction rdge beocme flatten
Wrinles results are due to when the mechanicla changes in the skin ages the collagen unravels and loose eleascity
Brekadown in fiber networks result the skin to beocme loose and folds on it self
Wrinkels results are due whenthe mechanical changes int he askin ages and collages unravels and loose elasicity
Breakdown in fiber networks result the skin to become loose and folds on itself
Presientce of frs-wound healing
Phase one infflamation-occurs as blood cells travels to the cite region to direct the response
Phase 2 proliteration the basal keratinocytes are exposed to the de2rmis due to theinjurt to hthe basmement membrane
Proffileration- the basal keratinocytes exposed to the derrmis due to the injurt to the basement membrane
The basal keratinocytes are exposed to the demris due to the injurt to the basememnt of the membrane
The basal keratinocytes are exposerd to the dermis due to the injurt to the basement of the memnbane
Phase 3-tissue remodiling- the epidermis has been retsored and the dermis continues to reinforce and remodel the skinc fora continuted period of time
The epidermis has restored and the dermis coniunes to reninforde and remodel that skin for a continued period of time
The epidermis has been restored and the dermis contintues to reinfiorce and remodel that skin for a continued period of time
Persisence of frs
Inflamiation profileration tissue remodilng
Frs follows the thoery of dicriminaiton and persistence