Plant Science Final

  1. The study of plants and their impact on humans is important because plants

    • Provide food, shelter, and clothing

    • provide the ecological support system linking all living organisms and their environment

    • have, at least in the past, been an important source of medicine


  2. Plant _____ study plant relationships, identify and classify plants into groups based on morphological and genetic similarity, and name plants according to these groups.

    • Taxonomists


  3. People who study how people use plants and plant products are called______

    • ethnobotanists


  4. The scientists that would more likely be concerned with the rate of photosynthesis in leaves?

    • plant physiologist


  5. The naming of a swedish botanist who in the 18th century developed the system of naming and classifying plants we currently use is….

    • Carolus Linnaeus


  6. Plant taxa classification order:

    • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species


  7. Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of _____; eukaryotic cells are characteristic of __

    • bacteria; all other organisms including plants and animals


  8. Mitochondria are ___

    • the sites of production of energy/ATP needed for cell function


  9. Dicytosome (golgi)….

    • Packaging


  10. If you come across and organism that is green, has no roots and grows in dense mats mostly in wet areas, what plant group would it most likely belong to?

    • bryophyte


  11. Nonvascular plant that does not contain special water conducting cells…

    • Hornworts


  12. Bryophytes where gametophyte from a leaf shoot or thallus

    • Liverworts


  13. A cluster of sporangia found on the underside of a fern’s leaf is referred to as____

    • Sorus


  14. 3 characteristic that evolved to give the earliest plants the ability to live on land

    1. Cuticle

    2. Spores

    3. Sporangia


  15. 4 divisions of vascular seedless plants

    • Lycophyta (club mosses)

    • Equisetophyta (horsetails)

    • Pteridophyta (ferns)

    • Psilophyta (whisk ferns)


  16. 5 divisions of gymnosperms and one example of each

    • Pinophyta (conifers) - Example: Pine

    • Ginkgophyta - Example: Ginkgo biloba

    • Cycadophyta - Example: Cycas revoluta

    • Gnetophyta - Example: Ephedra

    • Cypressophyta- Example: redwoods

  17. Arrangement of leaves on a stem is referred to as ___

    • phyllotaxy

  18. The part of a flower that functions in protecting unopened flower buds is called

    • calyx

  19. This is usually missing in wind-pollinated plants

    • corolla

  20. When the calyx, corolla, and stamens of a flower are attached at the top of the ovary, the ovary is said to be____

    • inferior

  21. A cluster of flowers in which each flower is produced on its own pedicel is called____

    • inflorescence

  22. The apical portion of the flowering stem in which the floral parts are attached is called the_____

    • receptacle

  23. An aggregate fruit is ____

    • a type of fruit that develops from the multiple ovaries of a single flower. Each ovary forms a small fruitlet, and these fruitlets cluster together to form one larger fruit. Example: strawberry, blackberry

  24. Fruit derived from a simple flower having more than one pistil

    • aggregate

  25. Skin of fruits is called the

    • exocarp

  26. Growth of a seed embryo without any dormancy is known as___

    • vivipary

  27. When there are three or more leaves at a node, the leaf arrangement is___

    • whorled

  28. Older, nonfunctioning xylem is called___

    • heartwood

  29. Horizontal stems that grow below-ground and have long internodes are called___

    • rhizomes

  30. Inflorescence that is branched

    • panicle

  31. two characteristics to differentiate between monocot and dicot plant

    • monocot only has one cotyledon

    • dicot has vascular bundles arranged in a ring, monocot is scattered

  32. Primary Growth

    • longitudinal growth

    • apical meristem

  33. Secondary growth

    • lateral growth

    • vascular cambium

  34. Pressure that develops within a living cell as a result of water entering the cell is

    • turgor

  35. If the concentration of solutes outside the plant cell is greater than the concentration on the inside, water will

    • move out of the cell

  36. When a solute is dissolved in water, the ____ of the water is lowered

    • osmotic potential

  37. Substances are moved against a concentration gradient, through the expenditure of energy, by _____

    • active transport

  38. At present, the most satisfactory explanation for the rise of water in plants is the

    • cohesion- tension theory

  39. Photosynthesis is an example of a/an ____ reaction in plants

    • anabolic

  40. The oxygen liberated by green plants during photosynthesis comes from

    • water molecules

  41. This is a reduced molecule

    • NADPH and FADH2

  42. During light independent reactions, what plants produce oxaloacetic acid in mesophyll cells and phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) in the bundle sheath cells?

    • C4 plants

  43. Glycolysis takes place in the

    • cytoplasm

  44. The citric acid cycle (krebs cycle) takes place in the

    • mitochondria

  45. This is produce in fermentation

    • lactic acid

    • ethyl alcohol

    • CO2

    • ATP

  46. This is NOT produced in fermentation

    • acetylCoA

  47. This molecule is produced during glycolysis and enters the mitochondria for further processing

    • Pyruvate

  48. net ATP yield at the end of glycolysis

    • 2

  49. Primary electron acceptor in PSII

    • pheophythin

  50. 3 stages of light independent reactions of photosynthesis

    • fixation of co2 with RuPB

    • reduction of 3PG to G3P

    • regeneration of RuBP from G3P

  51. Plant breeding is ___

    • accelerated evolution guided by humans who are selecting those features beneficial to them

  52. ____ are plants with specific genes from other organisms (viruses, animals, etc.) inserted into the genome

    • transgenic plants

  53. The goals of a plant breeding program include all of the following except_____

    • diversifying the germplasm of domesticated plants

  54. In grafting, the rooted part of the graft is known as the ___

    • Stock

  55. In grafting, the top part of the graft is known as the___

    • scion

  56. Totipotency is the ability of a plant cell to __

    • give rise to any structure of a mature plant

  57. A type of asexual plant propagation where plant tips are bent until they touch the ground and then covered with soil to root is called ___

    • Tip layering

  58. Induce flowering…

    • is not a role of phytochemicals

  59. this phytochemical has been extensively exploited since ancient human civilization for their medicinal properties

    • alkaloids

  60. Plant phytochemicals have a significant role on plant growth and development

    • false

  61. Plant phytochemicals are produced via primary and secondary metabolism

    • false, just secondary

  62. Carotene is not an alkaloid

  63. Morphine, cocaine, nicotine are alkaloids