Holocaust and WW2
WW2 on the Pacific
The Bataan Death March
- the forcible transfer of around 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war by the Japanese Imperial Army.
- More than 10,000 American + Filipino soldiers died during the ==60 mile march to a Japanese prison camp==
Battle Midway (June 7, 1942)
- major ==naval battle== that took place in pacific theater ==between North America and Asia== in the North Pacific Ocean
- was a ==major turning point== in the war→ permanently weakening the Japanese Navy
- Marked the start of the Allied advancement into the Pacific
Battle of Guadalcanal (August 7, 1942- Feb 1943)
- codenamed Operation Watchtower by American forces
- ==military campaign== on and around the ==island Guadalcanal== in the Pacific theater
Island Hopping
- ==method of taking not heavily defended islands== → to limit casualties
- liberated areas can then be used to ==further attacks==
- used ==after the Midway== by the allies to regain lost land to Japan
Kamikazes
- ==suicide pilots== used by Japan in response to the American’s advances
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
- America invaded ==Iwo Jima Feb 1945==
- one of the bloodiest battle in Marine Corps history
- allowed the land to be used as emergency landings for U.S. b-29 bombers
- ==Okinawa in April 1945==
- last and largest battle in the Pacific
- Japan fought to the death and even committed suicide rather than surrender (Okinawa civilian included)
- More than 18k American + 120k Japanese casualties
Hiroshima
- center of military activities
- ==Aug 6, 1945 atomic bomb (Little Boy)== dropped under Truman’s orders
- more than 70k civilian deaths, still the Japanese refused to surrender
Nagasaki
- military infrastructures were located in and around
- ==Aug 9, 1945 atomic bomb (Fat Man)== dropped
- 40k more die
Japan finally surrenders on Aug 14 1945
War declared over Sept 2, 1945
“Social Changes During the War”
%%(WPB) War Production Board-%%
- granted supreme authority to direct procurement of materials and industrial production programs
- ==The WPB directed conversion and expansion of peacetime industries to meet war needs==, allocated scarce materials vital to war production, established priorities in the distribution of materials and services, and prohibited ==non-essential production==
Ration-
- fixed amount of commodity officially allowed during a shortage
“Rosie the Riveter”-
- popular symbol of women who abandoned traditional female occupations to ==work in defense industries==
- challenged the convention image of female behavior
- criticized by social critics
A. Philip Randolph
- The president of the Brotherhood of Sleep Car Porters
- called for 150k African Americans to march in Washington DC to ==protest the discrimination in the defense industry==→ creation of Fair Employment Practices Commission
(FEPC)Fair Employment Practices commission
- issued by FDR 1941
- prohibited discrimination in the defense industry
%%Tuskegee Airmen (332nd Fighter Group)%%
- African American regimen in the American Air Force
- earned a distinction for contributions to the war effort
%%Bracero (Working hands)%%
- established in 1942
- permitted millions of Mexican men to work as agricultural laborer in the US for a limited time
%%“Zoot Suits”%%
- flamboyant suits worn by Mexican American youth gang members
- used to celebrate their ethnicity
“Facing History”
NSDAP
- National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi)
- Nationalsozialist^^ische^^ deutsche Arbeiter Partei
- a political party that plotted to takeover the government
- created a program to prohibit German alien rights and abolish the Treaty of Versailles
- Led by Hitler
Appeasement
- appeasement was the name given to Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked
- a policy carried out by allied powers that gave Hitler military/territorial concessions in order to avoid the war
Neville Chamberlain (1937-1940)
- British Politician the served as Uk’s Prime minister (did not do anything in response to Jewish treatment in Germany)
- best known for his role in the Munich Agreement of 1938
==Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass”==
- Nov 9, 1938
  violence against Jews throughout Nazi-controlled lands including the ==destruction of synagogues and murders==
- named after the shattered glass of Jewish owned establishments
Einsatzgruppen (German ss)
- German name for mobile killing squads
- used to kill mass amounts of Jews in mass shootings and killings
“Final Solution”
- The final solution the the “Jewish Question”(What should Germans do with Jews) → kill and annihilate all Jews
- codename for the systematic, deliberate, and physical annihilation of European Jews in both neutral and enemy countries
Wannsee Conference (Jan 1942)
- where senior government official of Nazi Germany and Schutzstaffel leaders came together and created the “final Solution”
“Holocaust” (Second reading packet)
Neutrality act (1937)
- permitted belligerents to purchase war materials under the condition that they paid cash and carried the goods on their own ship
- aided the British because of British control over The Atlantic’s sea lanes
- it allowed America to indirectly aid in the war against Germany in-spite of the strong public isolationism in America at the time
Lend-Lease
- gave the president authority to \]]]exchange, lend, or lease war material to any country whose defense was vital to U.S. security
- replaces “cash and carry” after Winston Churchill informs FDR that the British can no longer afford weaponry
General Hideki Tojo
- leader of the militants (General of the Imperial Japanese army)
- seized power after the Japanese government fell in Oct 1941
Arizona
- U.S. Battleship sunken by Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor
- the worst damaged→ thousands of ship’s sailer dead
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
- known as Operation Reinhard Camps
- killing centers created to systematically murder Jews in Poland
Operation Reinhard
- codename for the German plan to murder approximately 2 million Jews in Poland and the Soviet Union
- created even before the Wannsee Conference and “Final Solution”