Chapter 6 – Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

Functions

List and describe six main functions of the skeletal system.

1. Support

• Provides body framework

2. Protection

• Protects organs

• Skull → brain

• Ribs → heart/lungs

3. Movement

• Bones act as levers for muscles

4. Mineral Storage

• Stores calcium and phosphorus

5. Blood Cell Formation

• Red bone marrow makes blood cells

6. Fat Storage

• Yellow marrow stores fat

Structure

Describe structure and function of long bone components.

Diaphysis

• Shaft of bone

• Mostly compact bone

Epiphysis

• Ends of bone

• Mostly spongy bone

Medullary Cavity

• Hollow center

• Contains yellow marrow

Periosteum

• Outer covering of bone

• Contains blood vessels and nerves

Articular Cartilage

• Covers bone ends

• Reduces friction

Histology

Describe bone cell types and their functions.

Osteogenic Cells

• Stem cells that form new bone cells

Osteoblasts

• Build new bone

Osteocytes

• Mature bone cells

• Maintain bone tissue

Osteoclasts

• Break down bone

Compare compact and spongy bones.

Compact Bone

• Dense and strong

• Found on outer layer

• Provides support and protection

Spongy Bone

• Lightweight and porous

• Found inside bones

• Contains red bone marrow