Lesson+2+-+Composition+_+writers+of+the+Bible
Page 1: Introduction
Title: NTES 112 Samestelling & skrywers van die Bybel / Composition & writers of the Bible
Lecture based on: Carson and Douglas, 2005: 23-76 and 726-742.
Lecturer Name: Dr. Walter Maqoma
Page 2: Study Outcomes
Discuss authorship of New Testament books.
Explore collection and selection processes of the Bible's books.
Investigate the origin of the biblical texts.
Discuss significance of "Old Testament" and "New Testament" titles.
Explain origin of the title "Bible".
Explore authors' reasons for writing.
Discuss languages used in writing.
Investigate timeframe for writing biblical books.
Explain information gathering methods for the texts.
Page 3: Key Sources
Notable works include:
"The Origin of the Bible" by F. F. Bruce, J. I. Packer, Philip Comfort, Carl F. H. Henry.
"An Introduction to the New Testament" by D. A. Carson & Douglas J. Moo.
Page 4: Biblical Exegesis
Subject of biblical exegesis is highlighted.
Page 5: Compilation of Canon
Bible: Versameling van boeke (Collection of books) under God's guidance and historical research.
Faith shared and gospel widely spread (Col. 4:16).
Death of disciples and eye-witnesses led to documentation.
Writings recorded in letters and books.
Page 6: Compilation of Canon (continued)
Various manuscripts circulated.
"Different" documents noted (Gal. 1:6-9).
Lists of accepted texts developed over time.
Page 7: Athanasius and Canon Acceptance
Athanasius' list accepted at Hippo Regius (393) and Carthage (397).
Canon decisions not made by a single individual; approval was a community process.
Reference to Belgic Confession Art 5.
Page 8: Origin of New Testament Books
Mention of scripture passages: Luk 1:1; 1 Cor 1:1-2; 16:19-24.
Some authors of texts are known, others not.
Overlap noted among Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
Page 9: The Two Testaments
Definitions: Testament = Covenant
Explore relationship and renewal of covenants (Mark 14:24).
Page 10: Origin of "Bible"
Inquiry into the etymology of the term "Bible".
Page 11: Information on Biblical Authors
Emphasis on gathering comprehensive information about each author.
Explore biographies of key figures: Mark and Paul.
Eyewitnesses involved in writing the texts.
Page 12: Reasons for Writing
Passages indicating the purpose behind writings (Gal. 1:11-12; 1 Joh 1:5; Luk 1:1-4).
Page 13: Languages of the Bible
Old Testament primarily in Semitic languages with Greek translation (LXX).
New Testament composed in Greek and translated into Latin (Vulgate).
Page 14: Duration of Composition
Events from both testaments were not recorded immediately.
Page 15: Authority and Process of Canon
Study focus on Bible's divine inspiration, authority, and infallibility.
Examination of processes in selecting Old and New Testament books.
Page 16: Literary Aspects of the Bible
Exploration of the Bible as a literary text.
Insights into ancient biblical manuscripts and their role in scripture formation.
Page 17: Bible Translation Processes
Information on biblical languages and the translation process.
Page 18: Etymology of "Bible"
Derived from Latin and Greek terms referring to "books" recognized by the Christian church.
Reference to early use in Christian literature (2 Clement 2:14).
Page 19: Terminology Related to Scripture
Synonyms for the Bible include "the writings" and "the Scriptures"; examples from the New Testament.
Page 20: New Testament Canon Differences
Variances in agreement on content among different Christian branches regarding New Testament writings.
Page 21: Different Biblical Canons
Protestant English Bible aligned with Jerome’s translation; mentions of additional texts in various communions.
Page 22: Concept of Canon
Etymology of "canon" with background on its use in Christianity.
Page 23: Early Church and Canon Recognition
Lack of a fixed New Testament canon in early Christianity; reliance on apostolic teachings.
Page 24: Timeline of Canon Development
Marcion's list and its historical context.</br>
Page 25: Muratorian List
Reflection of early church understanding of New Testament canon in the end of second century.
Page 26: Manuscripts and Council Outcomes
Cheltenham manuscript and its inclusion of New Testament texts; influence of councils on canon recognition.
Page 27: Authority of the Bible
The Bible viewed as God's Word yet subjected to critical examination.
Page 28: Impact of Biblical Criticism
Discussion on the consequences and implications of modern biblical criticism.
Page 29: The Bible's Infallibility
Asserted reliability and divine inspiration of the Bible; concepts of plenary and verbal inspiration noted.
Page 30: Higher Criticism의
Examining literature's authenticity and reliability.
Page 31: A Call for Confidence in Scripture
Observations on shifting confidence in the Scriptures.
Page 32: Wisdom vs. Cleverness
Reflection on the nature of modern generations in understanding wisdom.
Page 33: Unity of Scripture
Description of unified theology amidst diverse expressions in the Bible.
Page 34: Maintaining Historic Positions
Inquiry into commitment to historic scriptural authority.
Page 35: Definition of Inspiration
Scripture's derivation from God and its intended educational purpose.
Page 36: Infallibility and Inerrancy
Correlational relationship between inspiration, infallibility, and inerrancy.
Page 37: Reformation Views on Inspiration
Reformers' perspectives on inspiration and authority of Scripture.
Page 38: Jesus on Scriptures
Jesus' affirmations regarding the divine origin and reliability of Scripture.
Page 39: Scriptural Historical Narratives
Depictions of historical accounts as factual records influenced by divine authority.
Page 40: Human Writers and Divine Influence
Exploration of how human agents contributed to Scripture under divine influence.
Page 41: Reliability of Scripture
Importance of defending the doctrine of infallibility in modern discussions.
Page 42: Objective Revelation
Examination of the consequences of rejecting objective divine revelation in theology.
Page 43: Evidence Supporting the Bible
Historical-empirical evidence highlighted as assurance for biblical reliability.
Page 44: Authority of Scripture
Acknowledgment of the Bible as the sole authority in Christian faith and practice.
Page 45: Supremacy of Scriptural Truth
Recognition of submission to scriptural truth as a religious act.
Page 46: Divine Message Assessment
God's communication through various literary forms seen as conveying divine messages.
Page 47: Belief in God as Creator
Argument for the necessity of acknowledging divine creation in finding purpose.
Page 48: Conclusion
Summary of the Bible's status as the most quoted work with profound insights into various aspects of life.
Page 49: Introduction to Literary Criticism
Transition to discussion on literary criticism within biblical texts.
Page 50: Composition and Rhetoric
Focus on the composition and rhetorical styles present in biblical texts.
Page 51: Historical vs. Literary Criticism
Distinction between historical criticism's context and literary criticism's analytical focus.
Page 52: Text as World of Investigation
The text's internal world as an object of investigation.
Page 53: Language Study
Examination of words and meanings using philology and lexicography.
Page 54: Grammar and Literary Patterns
Importance of syntax and structure in the analysis of texts.
Page 55: Literary Style Awareness
Consideration of vocabulary and style in text analysis.
Page 56: Recognition of Literary Forms
Identification of various literary genres within biblical literature.
Page 57: Diverse Literary Forms
Exploration of smaller literary forms that exist within larger works.
Page 58: Importance of Literary Classification
Importance of identifying literary forms for text interpretation and life setting.
Page 59: Unity and Integrity of Text
Concern with the text's completeness and authorship.
Page 60: Character and Plot Analysis
Examination of character portrayal and narrative development.
Page 61: Literary Mood and Perspective
Discussion on emotional elicitation and narrative perspectives in the literary analysis.
Page 62: Structuralist Criticism Introduction
Introduction to structuralist and deconstructivist criticism.
Page 63: Structural Criticism Focus
Exploration of universal structures in texts.
Page 64: Exegesis Process
Process of understanding the author’s intended message through the text.
Page 65: Non-Historical Criticism
Overview of structuralist methodology and its basic assumptions.
Page 66: Importance of Polarities
Role of oppositions in structuring narratives and ideas.
Page 67: Surface and Deep Structures
Differentiation between easily perceived features and complex linguistic structures.
Page 68: Communication Beyond Surface
Understanding language's deeper levels beyond mere communication.
Page 69: Text as Mirror
Analysis of texts as reflections of universal structures.
Page 70: Generic vs. Genetic Considerations
Importance of focusing on generic features without historical influence.
Page 71: Reader-Text Dynamics
Reader and text interaction and understanding framework in structuralism.
Page 72: Atemporal Text Consideration
Understanding texts outside of their historical development.
Page 73: Final Form of Text Focus
Working with texts as finished pieces rather than in developmental stages.
Page 74: Exclusion of Historical Elements
Structuralist criticism does not consider historical context in analysis.
Page 75: Emphasis on Text-itself
Framing meaning as derived directly from the text rather than the author's intent.
Page 76: Synchrony vs. Diachrony
Preference for synchronic analysis in understanding texts.
Page 77: Diachronic Analysis Importance
Overview of diachronic approach and its historical focus.
Page 78: Synchronic Analysis Definition
Explanation of synchronic approach as it applies to literature's inherent meaning.
Page 79: Reality Understanding
Structural criticism's view on language and its manifestation across contexts.
Page 80: Layers of Meaning in Language
Recognition of language's attributes in biblic texts and universal patterns within.
Page 81: Analyzing Deep Structures
Emphasis on uncovering deeper meanings behind written records.
Page 82: Textual Referencing
Reading to find underlying ordering principles within textual content.
Page 83: Principle of Binary Opposition
Application of oppositional pairs in analysis.
Page 84: Fundamental Oppositional Categories
Weight of binary opposites presented in scholarly critiques.
Page 85: Structuralist Exegesis Example
Example of structuralist exegesis on Genesis chapters addressing creation.
Page 86: Textual Observations in Genesis
Structuralist observations on literary units within Genesis.
Page 87: Binary Opposition in Genesis
Reflections on theme structure highlighting God's creation.
Page 88: Reading vs. Writing Perspective
Shift in reading approach from author intentions to reader understanding.
Page 89: Surface vs. Deep Analysis
Text analysis revealing deeper structural values and convictions.
Page 90: Conclusion and Acknowledgment
Thank you from North-West University.