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1. Key Terms in Cultural Geography

1.1 Culture

  • The collective beliefs, customs, arts, and practices of a particular society or group.

1.2 Custom

  • Established practices that are characteristic of a group of people.

1.3 Language Family

  • A group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor.

1.4 Lingua Franca

  • A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.

1.5 Dialect

  • A particular form of a language that is specific to a region or social group.

1.6 Ethnic Group

  • A community of people who share a common cultural background or descent.

1.7 Culture Region

  • A geographic area with people who share similar cultural traits.

1.8 Culture Trait

  • A specific characteristic of a culture, such as food, clothing, or beliefs.

1.9 Empire

  • A large political unit that rules over various peoples or territories.

1.10 Cultural Diffusion

  • The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

1.11 Culture Hearth

  • A location where a specific culture originated and spread to others.

1.12 Migration

  • The movement of people from one place to another.

1.13 Refugee

  • A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

1.14 Ethnicity

  • The shared cultural heritage or identity within a group of people.

1.15 Ethnocentrism

  • The belief in the superiority of one's own culture or ethnic group.

1.16 Cultural Preservation

  • The act of maintaining and protecting cultural heritage.

1.17 Globalization

  • The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, often resulting in cultural exchange.

1.18 Cultural Norms

  • Shared expectations and rules that guide behavior of people within social groups.

1.19 Folk Culture

  • Traditional practices of smaller, homogeneous communities.

1.20 Cultural Assimilation

  • The process through which a minority group adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture.

1.21 Stereotype

  • A widely held but oversimplified belief about a particular group of people.

1.22 Cultural Taboo

  • A restriction on a behavior imposed by social custom.

1.23 Race

  • A social construct that categorizes people based on physical characteristics.

1.24 Nationality

  • The status of belonging to a particular nation.

1.25 Popular Culture

  • The set of ideas, practices, and phenomena that are widespread in a society at a given time.

1.26 Indigenous Culture

  • The culture of the original inhabitants of a region.

2. Understanding Culture

2.A What is Culture?

  • Culture encompasses various elements including customs, language families, and artifacts that define a particular group.

2.B What are Culture Regions?

  • Culture regions are areas defined by shared cultural traits such as language, religion, and traditions.

2.C Causes and Effects of Cultural Change

  • Cultural change can be initiated through cultural diffusion, migration, and globalization, resulting in the blending or preservation of cultural identities.

2.D Race, Ethnicity, and Identity

  • Concepts of race and ethnicity can both unite and divide, fostering community belonging or creating social stigmas through ethnocentrism and stereotypes.

3. Real World Application

  • Political Cartoons: Illustrate cultural issues and perspectives.

  • Quotes: Reflect cultural values and societal norms.

  • News Headlines: Provide insight into current cultural dynamics.

  • Charts & Data Tables: Economically or socially represent cultural trends.