Contributions in the Medical Field
%%Medical Advancements - Renaissance%%
- advancements in anatomy and physiology from dissection
invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenburg allowed for wider outreach of information
%%Medical Advancements 16-18th Century%%
- rise in apothecaries * early pharmacies
- larger hospitals built
Important People
Louis Pasteur
- father of microbiology
- germ theory that disproved spontaneous generation and that microorganisms cause disease
- created a rabies vax
- proved that heat can kill bacteria
Andreas Vesalius - Brussels
- published the first accurate anatomy book
- became interested in anatomy in Paris medical school
Zacharias Janssen - Hague
- invented one of the earliest microscopes
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- invented lens for microscope
- first to see bacteria and protozoa
Ben Franklin
- developed bifocals and theorized that cods were contagious
John Hunter
- refined surgical techniques such as the tracheostomy
- completed studies in medicine but not a true doctor
Edward Jenner
- developed the first vaccine after watching milkmaids who seemed to be resistant to smallpox by being in contact with cowpox
%%Medical Advancements - 19th Century%%
- improved infection control due to better understanding of microorganisms
- bloodletting became less painful due to spring-loaded lancets
Important People
Jospeh Lister
- discovered carbolic acid which was then used as an antiseptic
- helped with the rabies vax
- performed the first wiring of a fractured patella
René Laennec
- developed first stethoscope
- hollow tube made of wood
Elizabeth Blackwell
- first licensed female physician in US
Clara Barton
- tended to soldiers during the civil war
- campaigned for the treaty of Geneva
- Founder of the American Red Cross and served as first president
Robert Koch
- discovered bacterium that causes TB
- received Nobel Peace Prize in physiology
Wilhelm Röntgen
- discovered x-rays
Sigmund Freud
- discovered conscious and unconscious mind
- basis for modern day psychology and psychiatry
- believed that memories and dreams were what motivated you
Florence Nightingale
- Known as founder of modern nursing
- established sanitary nursing units and invented call bells
- opened a school for nursing
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