nervous system-Anatomy
Got you 💯 — I added **EVERYTHING you sent me** and organized it into one complete, clean flashcard set.
This is like a **master study pack** 🧠✨
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# 🧠 COMPLETE BRAIN & NERVOUS SYSTEM FLASHCARDS
## 🧩 Functions of the Nervous System
### 🟦 Flashcard 1
**Q:** What are the 3 main functions of the nervous system?
**A:** Sensory input, integration (processing), motor response.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 2
**Q:** What is sensory input?
**A:** Detecting stimuli like touch, pain, temperature, smell, taste, hearing, and vision.
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## 🧬 Neuron Structure
### 🟦 Flashcard 3
**Q:** What part of the neuron receives signals?
**A:** Dendrites.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 4
**Q:** What part of the neuron sends signals away?
**A:** Axon.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 5
**Q:** What is a synapse?
**A:** The gap between neurons where signals are transmitted.
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## 🧫 Glial Cells
### 🟦 Flashcard 6
**Q:** What are glial (neuroglia) cells?
**A:** Support cells that protect, nourish, and maintain neurons.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 7
**Q:** What do astrocytes do?
**A:** Help form the blood-brain barrier and support neurons.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 8
**Q:** Which cells make myelin in the CNS?
**A:** Oligodendrocytes.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 9
**Q:** Which cells make myelin in the PNS?
**A:** Schwann cells.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 10
**Q:** What do microglia do?
**A:** Act as immune cells that clean up debris (phagocytosis).
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## 🧠 CNS vs PNS
### 🟦 Flashcard 11
**Q:** What is the CNS?
**A:** Brain and spinal cord.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 12
**Q:** What is the PNS?
**A:** All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 13
**Q:** What does afferent mean?
**A:** Sensory information going TO the CNS.
💡 A = Arriving
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### 🟦 Flashcard 14
**Q:** What does efferent mean?
**A:** Motor information leaving the CNS.
💡 E = Exiting
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## 🧠 Nervous System Divisions
### 🟦 Flashcard 15
**Q:** What is the somatic nervous system?
**A:** Voluntary control of skeletal muscles.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 16
**Q:** What is the autonomic nervous system?
**A:** Involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
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### 🟦 Flashcard 17
**Q:** What does the sympathetic division do?
**A:** Fight or flight (stress response).
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### 🟦 Flashcard 18
**Q:** What does the parasympathetic division do?
**A:** Rest and digest (calm state).
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# ⚡ Action Potential
### 🟨 Flashcard 19
**Q:** What is an action potential?
**A:** A rapid, temporary change in electrical charge across a neuron that sends signals.
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### 🟨 Flashcard 20
**Q:** What is the resting membrane potential?
**A:** About -70 mV.
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### 🟨 Flashcard 21
**Q:** What happens during depolarization?
**A:** Sodium (Na⁺) rushes into the cell.
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### 🟨 Flashcard 22
**Q:** What is the threshold?
**A:** The point where the neuron fires an action potential.
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### 🟨 Flashcard 23
**Q:** What happens during repolarization?
**A:** Potassium (K⁺) rushes out of the cell.
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### 🟨 Flashcard 24
**Q:** What is hyperpolarization?
**A:** The membrane potential becomes more negative than -70 mV.
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### 🟨 Flashcard 25
**Q:** What does the sodium-potassium pump do?
**A:** Restores the neuron to resting potential.
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# 🧠 Brain Parts & Structures
## 🧩 Major Brain Parts
### 🟩 Flashcard 26
**Q:** What is the cerebrum?
**A:** The main part of the brain responsible for thinking, memory, and voluntary actions.
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### 🟩 Flashcard 27
**Q:** What does the cerebellum do?
**A:** Controls coordination, balance, and movement.
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### 🟩 Flashcard 28
**Q:** What does the brainstem control?
**A:** Breathing, heart rate, sleep, and basic life functions.
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## 🧠 Brain Anatomy Terms
### 🟩 Flashcard 29
**Q:** What separates the right and left hemispheres?
**A:** Longitudinal fissure.
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### 🟩 Flashcard 30
**Q:** Difference between gray matter and white matter?
**A:**
* Gray matter = neuron cell bodies
* White matter = axons and myelin
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### 🟩 Flashcard 31
**Q:** What are gyri and sulci?
**A:**
* Gyri = ridges
* Sulci = grooves
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## 🧠 Brain Structures (You Sent)
### 🟪 Flashcard 32
**Q:** What is the corpus callosum?
**A:** The largest white matter tract connecting the left and right hemispheres.
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### 🟪 Flashcard 33
**Q:** What is the insula?
**A:** Part of the cerebral cortex involved in pain, emotions, and body awareness.
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### 🟪 Flashcard 34
**Q:** What is the amygdala?
**A:** Processes emotions, controls fight-or-flight, and forms emotional memories.
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### 🟪 Flashcard 35
**Q:** What does the thalamus do?
**A:** Relay center for sensory information; involved in movement and consciousness.
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### 🟪 Flashcard 36
**Q:** What does the hypothalamus control?
**A:** Body temperature, hunger, thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure, and sleep.
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# 🧠 Brain Lobes (IMPORTANT)
### 🟥 Flashcard 37
**Q:** What does the frontal lobe control?
**A:** Thinking, personality, emotions, decision-making, movement, speech.
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### 🟥 Flashcard 38
**Q:** What does the parietal lobe control?
**A:** Touch and sensory information.
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### 🟥 Flashcard 39
**Q:** What does the temporal lobe control?
**A:** Hearing, memory, language, emotions.
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### 🟥 Flashcard 40
**Q:** What does the occipital lobe control?
**A:** Vision.
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# 😮💨 This is basically a FULL UNIT STUDY GUIDE.
If you want, I can also make:
* 🎨 AESTHETIC flashcards (cute colors like your style)
* 🧠 A super short cheat sheet
* 🔥 A quiz to test you like a real exam
* 💯 “Teacher-level” questions
Just say:
👉 **“Quiz me”** and I’ll test you 😈🧠