Illness

excitatory neurotransmitters: activate cells

• acetylcholine

• glutamate

• epinephrine

• norepinephrine

inhibitory neurotransmitters: lessen or block cell action

• GABA and endorphins.

modulatory neurotransmitters that adjust how cells communicate

• (serotonin and dopamine)

Social workers are often available as a resource to recommend housing solutions and to ensure that clients have access to Medicaid or premium assistance if they qualify to decrease the financial barriers to care. Dentists often offer their services for no cost and use these clinics to train dental students and dental hygienists.

Motivational Interviewing

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a conversational approach the nurse can use to help clients change their behavior. The nurse will use the following techniques.

• Find the client’s motivation to change something in their life, such as exercise, diet, or substance use.

• Have the client express in their own words their desire to change. This is known as “change talk.”

• Address any uncertainty to change.

• Make a plan to change.

• Reinforce change talk.

• Enhance their confidence in their own ability to make even small changes.

Core Principles

There are four core principles of MI.

• Show empathy.

• Support self-efficacy.

• Overcome resistance.

• Develop an awareness of the gap between current and ideal behavior.

Disorders

HIV infection → dementia

Preventing Sickle Cell Crisis

• Encourage increasing intake of water.

• Avoid getting too hot or cold.

• Take hydroxyurea as ordered.

• Avoid high altitudes or places with a low concentration of oxygen.

• Limit consumption of alcohol.

• Do not smoke or take decongestants.

• Treat infections quickly.

• Implement measures to manage stress.

sepsis hypotension, tachycardia, decreased urine output, fatigue, and altered mental status because the client may be hypovolemic.