world war 1

Great Britain

  • blockaded the whole North Sea which was illegal to do this for a whole sea

  • Germanys response was also internationally illegal

  • Winston Churchill

United States

  • Woodrow Wilson

  • Roosevelt

  • Sussex pledge

    • Wanted peace and would keel out of the war

    • Was broken in different ways

    • Also

  • Americans split over ancestry and sided with different countries for the war

    sided with Germany

    • 11% of Americans born in Europe and most were 2nd or 3rd generation Americans (Irish and German)

    some sided with England

    • U.S. traded with France and Britain (Britain controlled ocean) (2 euro countries as allied powers)

    • Was considered neutral still

Woodrow Wilson was elected again

“Kept us out of war”

  • Then joined the war right after inauguration lol in April 2nd 1917

  • Broader minded

    • Americans who thought that they are elite and highly educated….the Protestant and Anglophiles….loved England

    • Another group:

Colonel Edward house

  • very influential advisor

  • Always advocated for diplomacy

America during the war

  • draft was 21-34, enlarged to 18-45

  • People created raids to retaliate against people who slacked from the draft

  • Didn’t let gay men join

  • 25% couldn’t read or write, at all or in English

    • Led to development of military IQ test

Other country’s changes

  • Better organization and collection of taxes

  • Standardization of products a

  • State war theory

    • Need less criticism to protect the state

  • Think progressive era really ended in 1918

Germany

  • Zimmerman telegram

    • German ambassador in US sent a telegram to ambassador in Mexico

    • This broke the Sussex pledge

    • Said to make Mexico an ally if they succeeded and would get them their land back from Mexican American war

American-Russian revolution

Prinski replaced the Czar

Leader of Russian military, should’ve pulled them out but he didn’t

Overthrown by bulshoviks

Who finally took Russia out of the war

14 points speech

Not much of it got put into Paris treaty

Treaty didn’t say much about freeing people under communist rule

The home front of the war

Anti- German Sentiment in the US

  • basically needed to hate the enemy

    • believed we had to fuse American people in one white hot mass to win

    • some didn’t believe this due to lies about Germans or other countries in the past

The war against Subversion

  • espionage

Technology of WW1

  • machine guns

  • poisonous gas

The end of WW1

  • northern Army formed into one of the finest in the world

    • Germany needed to defeat the allies so they didn’t have to worry about the America (wouldn’t support if allies were gone)

  • Germany sued for peace and asked for an armistice

    • surprised citizens, led to disdainment against Jewish leaders

  • treaty of Paris seen as a cause for WW2 bc some thought it was severely unfair

    • allies apparently were less fond of the 14 pts

    • League of Nations (14th pt)

    • War guilt cause

      • Stated Germany should accept 100% blame for war however:

        • Russia and Saudi Arabia involved

        • Balkans and France involved

        • Belgium and England

Civilian leaders in Germany

  • took advantage of the Jewish leaders, Hitler used the hate they got to reinstate Nazism

  • Saw settlement of of Treaty of Paris as insane and horrible..such a let down and due to Judeo-Bulshovik leaders…led to more disdain

  • Hitler infuriated by surrender, blamed these leaders, found out in the middle of a batterl

Germany

  • took larger reparations from Russia (Soviet Union)

Woodrow Wilsonn

  • war started sept. %th

  • ended 11/11 at 11am

Mistakes he made in presidency during war:

  • tried to get them to vote for him

    • talked down on Republicans even though they originally supported him, too.

    • lost 40 seats in the house due to his speech

      • led to overall disapproval, stopped voting for him

  • made a lot of incursion on civil rights

  • decided to go to Paris for delegation, when he should’ve done for someone else.

    • put the blame on the success or failure of the treaty, rather than his party

      • included no prominent Republicans (no bipartisan)

        • would’ve been more balanced and probably more successful

    • Was out of the country for a good little while, was not able to handle domestic concerns and needs

      • people got used to the government operating without too much of his real say

Treaty of Paris

made up of several other treaty

  • treaty of versailles

    • included mainly agreements with the U.S.

  • Treaty of Paris included other countries

    • was hard for Wilson to get agreement for others

    • couldn’t get rid of ideas for reparations

    • France hated 14 pts

    • Wilson compromised on denying secret alliances

    • another broken rule: not creating countries out of other countries

      • yugoslavia, czechoslovakia, poland: all created out of land that was formally owned by germany

    • self- determination: austria wanting to be a part of germany

      • France didn’t want countries to be able to say this

      • or other lands owned by european nations such as maybe india getting independence from Great Britain, etc.

        • actually meant that colonial powers split land, not the lands themselves

    • Ho Chi Minh tried to talk to Wilson about freedom for Northern Vietnam, since he believed in self-determination. at the time this guy was insignificant…

      • woodrow Wilson refused to see him at all, didn’t even hear him out, he bcame very, very bitter

        • later obviously became a very powerful, powerful leader and force in the world, causing the Vietnam war

din’t pardon anyone

america had to be more involved with atlantic community

  • wilson was more conservative by the end of the war