Ethico-Legal Aspect of AI-driven Driverless Cars

Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Multidisciplinary Applications

This series provides a platform for leaders and policymakers to share research on AI, emphasizing ethical, explainable, privacy-preserving, trustworthy, and sustainable AI.

Ethico-Legal Aspect of AI-driven Driverless Cars

This book examines the ethical and legal implications of AI, particularly in autonomous vehicles, addressing data protection, privacy, security, and social concerns. It is divided into six chapters concerning law, ethics, and AI policy.

  • Chapter 1: Discusses the legal concerns of AI regulation arguing against AI personhood.
  • Chapter 2: Introduces and discusses issues arising from AI technology, focusing on autonomous vehicles.
  • Chapter 3: Compares the legal and regulatory frameworks of Germany, California, and India regarding tortious liability.
  • Chapter 4: Examines the criminal liability of AI, focusing on AI's ability to commit crimes and accountability, and addresses responsibility for AI-related crimes.
  • Chapter 5: Highlights ethical issues related to AI in autonomous cars, focusing on biases in AI.
  • Chapter 6: Recommends laws for better utilization of AI in Indian governance.

Key Highlights

  • Focuses on India's Common Law system compared to Germany's Civil Law.
  • Identifies risks and challenges in AI deployment and legal loopholes.
  • Provides philosophical principles for handling AI-related problems.
  • Highlights California's flexible legislative framework for technology.

The book is relevant for academics, legal professionals, policymakers, economists, lawyers, and technocrats. Companies like Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Microsoft are investing in AI, recognizing its impact on the future.

Contents Overview

  • Chapter 1: Artificial Intelligence—An Overview of the Legal Status.
    • Discusses Symbolic AI, Data-Driven AI, and the legal status of AI.
  • Chapter 2: Scope of Artificial Intelligence
    • Explores the evolution of self-driving cars, constituent technologies, potentials, and policy initiatives in India.
  • Chapter 3: Tortious Liability of Artificial Intelligence
    • Compares negligence, strict liability, product liability, and vicarious liability in Germany, California, and India.
  • Chapter 4: Criminal Liability of Artificial Intelligence
    • Addresses whether AI can be criminally liable and applies theories of punishment.
  • Chapter 5: Ethical Issues Related to Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Cars
    • Discusses AI ethics, autonomy, and ethical issues in autonomous vehicles.
  • Chapter 6: Conclusion
    • Presents findings and concluding remarks.

Chapter 1: Artificial Intelligence—An Overview of the Legal Status

AI involves Symbolic AI, Data-Driven AI, and considers the legal status of AI. AI can be Weak or Strong. The chapter discusses the personhood claim of AI systems.

  • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.1.1 Background: AI history traces back to Greek mythology. John McCarthy coined 'artificial intelligence' in 1956. Development includes the first AI lab (1959), a robot in GM's assembly line (1960), and the chatbot Eliza (1961). IBM's Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997.
    • 1.1.2 What is Artificial Intelligence?: AI trains machines to think and act like humans. Google's predictive search and Contract Intelligence Platform from JPMorgan Chase are examples. IBM's Watson aids healthcare.
    • 1.1.2.1 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Diverse Fields: Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, and autonomous vehicles like Google, Apple, and Tesla cars.
    • 1.1.2.2 Definitions of Artificial Intelligence: AI mimics human brain function. Kurzweil defines it as creating machines performing functions requiring human intelligence.
    • 1.1.2.3 Needs Revisiting- Personhood: Granting rights, duties, or obligations to AI remains a contentious issue. Saudi Arabia granted citizenship to the robot Sophia. The UK and EU are exploring AI's legal definition and status.
  • 1.1.3 Is it possible to give AI Legal Personality?: Legal personality involves a collection of obligations and rights. Corporations have legal personalities, but with limitations. AI, however, is established by persons and fills in according to the bearings of the projects that have been added to its framework.
  • Challenges to AI as a Separate Entity: Treating AI as a new legal field is difficult. Legal personalities are